2011年1月26日星期三

Doctor "dependent" instrument originated in skills lack _ daft

"What is a doctor? or machines in a doctor? on entering this examination that tests!" on January 18, Shandong qilu hospital clinic of the University, who lives in downtown Austin Willow community Ms Yinglan Li, you place a stack of thick RMB and progressive fees window with several laboratory sheets, checklists, his face covered with confused and helpless sth "thought that high levels of University Hospital, doctor, without checking, but still failed to escape!" according to Ms Li introduction, she was head and neck discomfort, to hospitals, because not so long ago has just accepted a chest, chest, heart CT check, this time also especially look for experts, doctors rely on clinical experience to a diagnosis. "take a look at the first!" doctor felt sick part, then let the doctor opened next to the cranial lateral cervical spine x-rays and CT of the checklists. No way, Lee had to choose her "comply with" the doctor's advice. "listen, touching a touch can solve problems, but a lot of doctors will give patients do CT, magnetic resonance lines. "Professor at Shandong University second hospital physician Pan Xianglin analysis that over-reliance on checking, has led to a doctor's clinical skills significantly decline, mainly in unable to independently perform some basic operations, and even many physicians even without the stethoscope; some doctors much doctor does not seriously hands-on basic checks, even the patient are not touching it, a whole bunch of list of open and allow for a variety of checks, final diagnosis apparatus, Inspector gives the findings and conclusions. shortening of the training process, is making more and more doctors become one's ability does n't match one's wishes, but also from the objective cause doctors excessive reliance on equipment. Pan Xianglin pointed out that in recent years, the University Hospital, one-sided pursuit of higher education, who will "doctor", a lot of doctors are "House-Gate-the hospital doors" road, studied medicine in 10, most of the time in the classroom, laboratory, experiments, write papers, and didn't learn to see a doctor. They are educated, foreign language proficiency, and strong research skills, solid theoretical knowledge, but clinical experience, lack of clinical skills issues have become increasingly prominent. Doctor in hospital is a physician, two years later, Jin, high, do not have to undergo a rigorous training in clinical http://www.hxyjw.com/, writing a paper or unconventional, from 35 to experience there are plenty of people. Graduates in the hospital than in the past from the training of clinical residents, step by step to the experts, or at least to "fast" 5-10 year. clinical levels of http://job.hxyjw.com/enough, instrument checks and error. Make out a list, biochemical, and imaging; multiple checks and prescribe medicine, can also reduce the responsibility of: "the search is over, the drug use, problems, told the doctor that's OK!" doctors too much dependence on the instruments and equipment, has become a source of patients and expensive one. Source: http://news.hxyjw.com/meiti/798102/

John sang that song. Think-not

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[Reprint] heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidney said _ the individual capitals game

Original address: heart, liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys that authors one by one: aaa600200 monarch: time for us to play chess, whether lost, lost his horse is, as long as the senior commander in Chief, this game is not lost; but senior commander in Chief had been eaten by a other, your horse artillery, was also lost.����Heart's position in the five organs of the human body is the senior commander in Chief of the Board, therefore the Huangdi neijing heart as "monarch", in charge of the blood runs. TCM said God heart, heart blood filling, conservation of God, then people will come around and the mental state of agile, sweet sleep.����Conversely, if the decline in human memory, sleep dreaming in shallow, it indicates the mind and heart is not enough, to be added as soon as possible. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that big sad.����In other words, surprises too much causes impaired cardiac function, such as Fan Jin pass the imperial exams at the provincial Level is a typical example of big sad. My heart opens into the tongue. Traditional Chinese medicine by observing the tongue's shape and color changes, as well as language fluency of expression to determine the condition of heart function.����Tsim recurrent ulcers, such as care person, that is; the Mong Kok; speak frequently occurs when a breakpoint, or too tired, mind weak enough; vein color violet dark under the tongue and varicose, shows that the cardiovascular atherosclerosis. ; The system dysfunction, often experience the following symptoms: dismayed palpitations, precordial pain, lips and nails are blue, ulcers in the mouth and on the tongue, insomnia and more dreams, neurasthenia, coronary heart disease, and so on. These symptoms occur, what are some good ways of traditional Chinese medicine? according to heaven and five elements of culture, red dates, red peppers, red bean, cherry, red food such as chicken and duck blood, dried longan and (he), the pronunciation is associated with a heart, belong to; the system, so the bushing. Qing; the best foods are seeds, and bitter melon, they are bitter, bitter heart attributed; the systems, purging; the Qing dynasty.����In everyday life "(he)" this sound on heart function is also helpful.����Inside the body we can knock the pericardium, Mount off, hit the biggest mausoleum, took very springs in an easy way to drive the mind and heart operation. In a large number of mesona, activating blood stasis in treating 37 efficiency first, has very good yangxin soothing effect of Ganoderma lucidum, Yin-Yang Xin Dendrobium mind supplement is best, soothing sleep semen ziziphi spinosae effect is strongest.����Axillaris renhe compatibility of Ganoderma lucidum sleeping capsule can significantly improve insomnia dream, neurasthenia; dismayed populations such as palpitations, arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, is appropriate to take a hundred capsule; as reinforce the five viscera of Ganoderma lucidum capsules of qi and blood, you can clear regulation of the heart function and various symptoms occur.����General: liver liver the Huangdi neijing likened to the "general officer", General strong edgy characters to describe the physiological properties of the liver. In fact, the impatience of people tend to be hot-tempered temper. Therefore, when a person lose his temper, and you don't care about with him. Why? because his liver, Mong Kok, into a quick temper, and he's a compulsion. Angry people often take the table, he must bring this issue to heart will hurt, or chest heart attack. Until the gas has, naturally calm. But if a person is always angry, light-weight, high blood pressure, severe liver fibrosis. Three countries apart, and Zhou Yu sword under the rage at the time of injury and fell to death, that is, "but when the liver injury" of typical cases.����Tolerant attitude toward others and oneself, life is very important to keep the mind calm and healthy. Liver and storing blood, we can from the condition of nails and eyes to judge the rise and fall of liver blood. Staffing is the fingernail on liver blood rise and fall of barometer, fingernail than most people want thin, brittle, white, liver blood that is not enough.����Opens into the accounts of the liver, eyes often dry, wind tears, suggests that liver yin and blood is not enough.����Liver dysfunction of the wood system often appear dry mouth bitter, dizzy, eyes, red eyes and swelling, and both sides of the chest swelling, irritability and irritable, liver disease, high blood pressure, blood lipids, symptoms such as dry nails. How do we be nursed back to it? sour, cyan, hush (Xu) the pronunciation associated with the liver, liver wood system of belonging. Smoked, vinegar, sour foods such as blackthor, mint, green foods, such as celery, are both nourishing liver and high quality goods. Moreover, chrysanthemum, onions, lychee, papaya, peaches, carp and food are also representatives of nourishing liver and food.����Living with multiple "Shush (Xu)" this sound on liver function is also helpful. When many people are angry, will feel the swelling and both sides of the chest locations. This is due to the liver from both sides of the chest through. In traditional Chinese medicine in the culture of keeping, beating both sides of the chest to help the liver Qi and blood run, an excellent method of nourishing liver and is user-friendly.����For those who are hot-tempered, beating both sides of the chest or bile helps clear discharge liver-fire ascending syndrome. In a large number of nourishing liver mesona, lycium barbarum yigan eyesight first, liver detoxification best of Ganoderma lucidum, tianma pinggan-Yang effect.����For crowd liver imbalance in the system, taking hundreds of capsule, can ease the liver inflammation caused by high blood pressure in the wind, reduce symptoms such as bitter, Dizzy; use the lycium barbarum capsule on the basis of nourishing liver and kidney, can alleviate dry eyes, red eyes and swelling symptoms, and long-term alcohol, fatty liver, alcoholic liver crowd, you will need to take a long time Bao capsule natto.����The day after tomorrow: the spleen and the spleen of Chinese medicine said, are not medical Anatomy of spleen, but outlines the integrated function of the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and other organs (heart, liver, lung, kidney and four of the remaining dirty, are not medical Anatomy says heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, but in traditional Chinese medicine, liver, Lung payment system of the wood system; the system and kidney water systems).����Spleen in the five elements are Earth system of spleen, is human blood "production factory", physiological function as "main transport" is food digested nutrients (that is, the blood), and be transported throughout the body. Doctors through the ages have attached great importance to the spleen and the health effects. The Huangdi neijing stated: "the spleen of the day after tomorrow, of the main transport, health and Qi and blood. "This means that the spleen and is human health," the day after tomorrow ", is the source of the five organs of qi and blood biochemical. The spleen and the functions are closely related to human emotion, thought the spleen hurt.����For example, Zhuge Liang was live during the three died at the age of 54, because he was too hard, over thinking as a result do not feel like eating, and the spleen and the debilitating, resulting in insufficient blood, weapon the world of man. Have an understanding of human blood rise and fall of traditional Chinese medicine tips, is to observe the colour of lips. Because the spleen and opens into the mouth, lip colorBlood rise and fall of the table.����If the lip color pale or dark color, it shows that out of temper, to create a shortage of blood, this man is a deficiency of blood. The spleen and the system of exceptions, often manifested as indigestion, loss of appetite, abdominal distention, nausea, and vomiting after eating, and belching, heartburn, diarrhea symptoms such as constipation, gastritis, gastric ulcer. We can make these symptoms without, judging the spleen and the functionality is good. If these symptoms occur, describes the spleen and the system is wrong, then what can we do? according to heaven and five elements of culture, Chinese medicine considers the yellow color, sweet sweet, (Hu), the pronunciation associated with spleen and stomach, vested in the spleen and Earth systems, to recuperation, strengthen the spleen and stomach gas. Therefore the spleen and the bad people, suitable wear yellow dress, colors can be used for room yellow. Diet should eat the yellow and the sweet taste of food, such as millet, sweet potato, corn, squash, beans are the nourish the spleen and the good merchantable brand. In everyday life "(Hu)" this sound on the spleen and the function is also helpful. Voice capable of curing, isn't it too dark? in fact is not mysterious, rhyme and health preservation of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medical music therapy there are similarities. The historical records? says in the book: "the music and spirit of the turmoil in the blood, circulation.����"Visible voice can really reflect a person's physical condition, is also to promote rehabilitation. Also contain tune the spleen and the power of our body. Folk have "daily massage zusanli, eating old hen" is, that is often taken point zusanli to strengthen the spleen and the games feature.����In addition, can also do abdominal breathing, abdominal or static squat to robust spleen and stomach. In traditional Chinese medicine in health, Ganoderma lucidum, ginseng, natto, atractylodes macrocephala and Poria cocos Deer Ridge is Qi spleen remedy. After a high-tech extraction and concentration of traditional Chinese medicine health product is even better than the medicine itself.����As Ganoderma lucidum capsules, through regulation five organs balance and gradually reduce indigestion, and food Hou abdominal account, and nausea vomiting, digestive system symptoms, promote gastritis, and gastric ulcer of repair; for gastritis, and gastric ulcer symptoms obvious who, is can select gastric Kang, to promote mucosal repair; children of spleen and the system weaker, often appears indigestion, and appetite sluggish phenomenon, and effect to children of growth development, taking into spleen and the Department of Roe Po can obvious improve above symptoms; for most female,, constipation often is plagued life of a large challenges, by constipation brings of skin dark, and color spot, and insomnia makes female more pain, select pass Ning or long green is satisfied that beans capsules can effective solution this a problem. Prime Ministers of human lung and the Huangdi neijing says that: "the pulmonary system with gas, Division of respiratory tract and skin, opens into the nose.����"Thus, Lung is known as the body's Prime Minister, in charge of the life machine running. Gas sad block in the body of the running, too sad you lungs hurt. Lin Daiyu of sentimental, sad, sad all day long mournful, eventually died of lung disease, are typical examples of the great sadness lung.����Therefore, we should keep an optimistic attitude, mood of sadness to avoid unnecessary or harmful to lung. If evil the lung, causing pulmonary air vision disorder reduction shall be construed, common symptoms of the following: cough, shortness of breath, coughing blood, colds, chronic pharyngitis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, rhinitis, and so on.����Over time, depression of the fire leads to skin, acne, and so on. According to the theory of five elements, white, the pungent taste, XI (XI with "fine"), the pronunciation is associated with lung, Lung gold belong to the system. Tremella fuciformis Berk, Lily, white PEAR is the good merchantable brand of lung-yin; the pungent taste of ginger, onion, coriander, open pulmonary air, wind, cold wearing the best.����Living with multiple "XI (XI" thin ")" this sound on lung function is also helpful.����Meridian points in the human body, fragrant points is the treatment of allergic rhinitis, massaging the position, effective prevention of rhinitis; tanzhong acupoint is regulating the lung gas between points, and often beat here, for a variety of pulmonary diseases are benign and efficient. Grass in the recuperation of the lungs, Lung-Yin Maple buckets first; supplement lung gas-best of Cordyceps sinensis; effect of Ganoderma lucidum, both lung and pulmonary gas conditioning. For colds, cough and crowds of chronic bronchitis, asthma, Lung-Yin long-long run Maple ceramics and reduce respiratory symptoms. Chronic pharyngitis crowd for taking to Lotus, bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae as the main ingredients of the pharynx and cool tablet.����Due to the lung being in charge, suffered from familial pigmentation of the woman, by regulating the lung gas-reducing pigment deposition.����Comfort: kidney and the Huangdi neijing think kidney is the "hide the fine, the primary bone marrow", which means that for the life of the engine, so the ancient doctors also known as the kidney is the "comfort".����Renal accumulation concentrate the main reproductive system, reproductive system problems, such as prostate hypertrophy occurs, inadequate description of kidney essence, must supplement the essence. People often say "ear great happiness", the principle behind is renal opens into the ear, adequate ear fullness, Shen Qi energy, natural pinjin full, uncompromising graphic. Zeng Guopan said "fame talking, business spirit" that was the intention.����People often tinnitus or hearing loss, is that claims to be the kidney is not sufficient. What is the renal bone? traditional Chinese medicine believes that whether a person is healthy bones, determined by the kidney essence of profit and loss.����Osteoporosis in human essence of nourishing kidney, kidney essence of foot bones strong. When people walk there will be many physiological responses, a reaction which is full of fluid. This represents your kidney, kidney essence be supplemented, as in the theory of five elements saliva attributed to kidney water.����Renal yin's population will often do so, the lack of saliva, which is insufficient kidney essence.����Kidney essence deficiency appears what symptom? common relative weakness in the loins and knees, tinnitus, and limb deficiency of cold, fatigue, hair loss, loose teeth, bone loosen, frequent urination at night, and hypertrophy of the prostate, sexual dysfunction, infertility, renal deficiency, menopause syndrome. In accordance with the five elements theory of regimen, black, savory, blowing (Chui) the pronunciation associated with renal, belong to renal water system. Savory seafood kidney, represented by the sea cucumbers, sea shrimp; Black Black Sesame, black and red bean, black-bone chicken is the kidney good; the other kidney, walnuts, leek is the kidney high quality goods.����In everyday life, "blow (Chui)" this sound on renal function is also helpful. Waist to the residence of the kidney. Chinese medicine considers relative weakness in the loins and knees are renal deficiency. Often turn waist, is good for renal, traditional regime called "wave Dragon". Tai ChiPunch, or qigong, there is a loose waist, is the recuperation of Shen qi through the pine lumber.����On the waist there is a cave called shenshu, often beating shenshu, nurse effect on kidney essence very well. Bushen mesona, moderate lasting without fury lycium barbarum, Maca is the first, for lack of Shen Qi best of Cordyceps Militaris. Vitality hidden in the gate of life between renal and Ganoderma lucidum reinforce vital energy, long serving effective recuperation of Ganoderma lucidum kidney qi. For men, and long-term use of maca capsules wolfberry capsule, to supplement the Shen Qi, improve physical strength, energy, and so on. Renal deficiency is not common in males, females at a certain age will be the same, taking Chinese wolfberry to supplement renal capsule, soreness of the waist and knees, hands cold reduction, symptoms such as tinnitus and dazzled.

[Reprint] explains the non-State "killing stone" secret _ Jung Woo driving school certificate

Original address: explains the non-State "killing stone" secret author: Konstantin stories abound of countries around the world about Stonehenge, the most famous of several United Kingdom Millennium Stonehenge, Easter Island mystery of Stonehenge. However, the bottom to say it is a much more fantastic horror even is the incredible story of Stonehenge. in landlocked Mali in Western Africa territory, Yeah there is a famous mountains. Diecui here on three sides the Valley, and every beast after cluster, to thrive. However, yeah eastern foot of the mountains is dead silence, bird never flew from here, animals are here treated as a restricted area. This strange phenomenon often come here for the first time who flounder, one side is the picturesque paradise, the other side is the God of sorrowful to a ghost of terror, as if being Bewitched magic spell. This is a mysterious place, and even the local indigenous peoples bring it also keep quiet. the spring of 1968, yeah Mingshan district magnitude 7.4 earthquake, Eastern foot of dead after earthquake actually showed a fantasy scene, over there for a hint of mystical Halo, thunderstorms, color of the Halo also impoverishes many, beautiful colourful. In some cases, local indigenous peoples also vaguely see the Palace and in which human figure. For many years, this bizarre phenomenon set tongues wagging. some people say there and had countless treasures of the ancient chiefs, from gold cast statue to a variety of precious stones carved skull, everything halo of mystery is after the earthquake striking jewels from the seam; it was also stated that it was the underground world of the gods is stirred by earthquakes. In the Republic of Mali has been handed down this legend: the world is created by Amadou Supreme God. Amadou readily grasp the clay that work a lot of balls and some smaller ball, he put these slime balls in play in the fire, when the ball is burned into hot state, Amadou with eight red sphere maximum winding up, into the rays of the sun into the sky. With eight balls a little white line wrapping, placed in the sky, has become the white moon and the stars of the beauty, the God of heaven and Earth Amadou just created the world in beautiful Halo, but yeah after the famous earthquake of wonders and ancient scroll on the Genesis record exactly. even more strange is about myths and legends of fighting people. Allegedly, the local people of compassion is not visible to the naked eye with Sirius satellite. According to the scientists of the research, their understanding of the richness of astronomical knowledge, especially for SIRIUS is knowledge of, and far exceeds the standard of the civilized world. While the local indigenous people also believed that they were originated in amphibians living in the Wolf in Galaxy intelligent creatures, including ancient Egypt, ancient civilizations also stems from this human civilization. scientists have been studying the origins of ethnic Albanians and Sirius, only with today's most advanced electronic telescope can observe day Wolf companion star, why people spread over thousands of years ago, there are more records down? research scientists, the more confused, don't really exist another civilization? legend due to more and more, Ma Liguo ye mountains of the eastern foot of exploration and treasure people were turned into resorts. But many ambitious explorers after entering the mountain valley, never came out, no one knows what they encounter. In August 2009, a geological survey team enters yeah eastern foot of the famous mountain. mirages of the sudden the team's captain was nearly six years of the James Webb. James is the United Kingdom's Royal Academy of Sciences of geology experts, peers who are almost all studies of geology and palaeontology, the origin of life scientists and extraterrestrial life. eight investigation team, led by local guide in Aswan entered yeah eastern foot of the famous mountain. Entered the foothills, is an exception, pointer to a compass and watch them swing of all exception occurred. At the sight, Wizard-Aswan into anxiety, he was careful to go at the top, looked up from time to time, it seems that foresaw terrible things. When you team after a massive formations, Captain James felt uncomfortable, head is starting to Vertigo, this feeling of the scene is like a heart attack, there is a sensation of near death. Other players are also very and where we all crouched on the floor, hands in his chest, pale, cold sweat drips, trembling lips cannot speak. James put his hands on a tree, barely supported, big mouth and panting breath. just then, one team suddenly cried out: "look over! what's that?" you eyes looked out to the Southwest rises in the sky do not know when a cloud of bizarre red cloud, red cloud spread slowly, and gradually form a colorful glow. Halo, feel you can see a big wonderful palaces; enveloped in the Palace as there are some standard special kingka Samurai sth Slowly, flare gradually dispersed, leave a unit hint of a dusky sky, the scene there is only one minute away. We were all stunned, as players have seen everything before and many records, they really see Aswan says "miracle!" we slowly wake from the confused, James believes that there should be a mirage. But it is strange that this place how mirages? General, Mirage is the density of the light to pass through in a straight line, when different reservoirs, after results caused by the refraction. Mirages of the formation conditions are very harsh, it needs to have a vast plain, flat, and strong moist atmosphere. These types of conditions are indispensable. Mirage often occurs in the more dense clouds of the sea, or is regular Great Plains desert storm. Although Jesus famous fog bushy perennial, but here's political strategists in the foothills, dense forest, Mirage really was a miracle can occur. players gradually restored the strength, even though it is said that the front is very dangerous, but such a strange phenomenon has aroused people's curiosity, unanimously decided that the risk no matter what is going on. bottomless pit in the golden light of scientific research team, in the lush valleys of plants, wherever he had found an animal and insect,Humid heat of the African jungle, this should be like this is paradise for animals and insects, which in addition to several plants, there was no sign of any animal activity, are there really were Bewitched the curse became a sanctuary? more to go, research team, the more jumpy because, they found lying on the mountains there are many bodies, most of these dead bodies twist, facial paralysis, face pain, apparently in agony before death. From the viewpoint of body at the time of the death, who has apparently been dead for a long time, but the strange thing is, in such a hot place, is not a badly decomposed bodies. Expedition under the clothes of the deceased and their carry-on items found that most of these people are explorers from around the world, there may be around the scientist as well as into tourists. However, why would they inexplicably died? most terrifying indeed is not the grim body decay, but why they died, from the look of the moment before they die, they must see before dying exception what horrible things. great doubt and sense of fear in the hearts of everyone in your refrigerator, but they did not give players a retreat of terror. Suddenly a member found the distance a joint shoot out between the eye's light, abnormal weird light, is it really the legendary jewels do? all at once excited, heading for joints. Take approximately five minutes before the soldiers came to the joint, which is approximately 200 metres long and about 50 cm wide seam, to joint under very dark, like the legend of the bottomless pit. led by Captain James, everyone started to widen the seam, an hour later, piece weighs about 5 tons of oval stones meet the eye. Jushi is about 5 meters long, about 3.5 meters wide, translucent, micro-blue in the upper section, the lower section of the pan with Golden, exudes of dazzling light, it would be rare stones. the face of such magical stones, examining the players have come up with instrument and sampling measurements, but we still found nothing, this stone was neither contain heavy metals fantastic meteorites, nor items such as diamond jade. in the course of geological survey of the past, have never found this rock type. Giant stone itself can issued penetrating force is strong of light, spectrum instrument detection, this is a between visible, and does not visible Zhijian of a reflection light, it of wavelength in 300 Nano and 800 Nano Zhijian, instrument in the also found in addition to normal of optical outside, also has optical below 300 Nano of does not visible, some electromagnetic waves even also below 10 Nano, and common of does not visible including radio waves microwave, infra-red, UV, x ray, y Ray, and far infra-red,, General people of eyes can perception of electromagnetic waves of wavelength in 400 to 700 Nano Zhijian, also some people can perception to wavelength about in 380 to 780 Nano Zhijian of electromagnetic waves, but below 10 Nano of electromagnetic waves only with space telescope in Star to found. This low light in the middle of jushi is obviously the most critical. In the Valley there is a lot of these beams, mixed them together, form a rainbow Halo in the sky, which is seen outside Lord strange over the eastern foot of the famous mountain scenes, and may also be causes Mirage often. Boulder murder mystery adventure players struggle, crowbar supporting just makes you feel uncomfortable piece of stone had moved to the Earth on the edge of the pit. Aswan with the cane around into a sturdy rope and using rough tree slowly hanging boulders, Boulder fully rendered in front of us. Like the blue part of the deep sky, Golden like the bright amber. You have to feel excited, this is a gem! James, suddenly found the strange Mirage appears again, he has a sinking feeling. But it was too late, several players around suddenly find yourself limb numbness, vision blurred, then start twitching limbs and fall down. James because in the next command, no hands touch the stone, but feeling of Vertigo. He could not help but think of those explorers of unknown cause, one can't help but be all of a flutter. He speculated that on this stone is obviously have not known to be dangerous rays, possibly the most frightening is that weak weak like Pluto from hell house "green light". in order to save fellow, James and strong drag Start Wizard Aswan numb body, wobbly walk down the Hill, ready to make rescue. They stagger through the jungle, and finally get out of the foothills, just walk down the Hill, James will crack, collapsed in the street. three days later, James found himself in the hospital. It turns out that James and Aswan collapsed soon, they were crossing found. Checked by doctors found that they have been subjected to some kind of radiation, due to a lesser extent does not matter. But other players are not able to save their lives. When the rescue team arrives, that makes a lot of people lost their lives, "killing stone", as if by magic from rolling on steep slopes into the abyss. later, scientists have wanted to unravel the mysterious murder mystery of boulders, but due to the intense radiation is too dangerous, and could not be studied, according to the horrors of survivor James describes, so that several scientific investigation actions stop abruptly. Boulder is coming from inside the Earth, or from outer space? people still do not know. Sheikh said treasure and Amadou century legend seems to have no mark, self-appointed Wolf residents fight people seem to be associated with the formations, magical stone from Sirius? "stone kill" today is still an outstanding cases. in fact, the stone killer is not the first time, Indonesia has experienced similar events. A man was found in the mining process of a singular color shine stone, surprising inexplicable, quietly collecting stones. But after a few days, the man's eyes began to constantly shed tears, seeing phantom appears. His eyes are strong gamma-ray radiation, makes the eyes hurt. it was speculated that Marier stones on the mountains and the Indonesia ore has a deadly weapon--not clamp 1 radiation. Their beautiful form and blurred colours make the people who foundLost wary, closer proximity, which has been subject to intense radiation, but these are just speculation, stone murderous reason still in exploration. Believe that soon we'll unravel many mysteries, of course, including West Africa Marier mountains and beautiful stone homicide. I was recently playing Sina micro-blogging, cool, very trendy. һ�仰��һ��ͼƬ����ʱ��������˽������ʵ��ҵ����������ע�ᣬ����һ������ɣ�http://t.sina.com.cn/sfw/

[Reprint] freedom are in my mind there is no obstacle to _ not

Original address: freedom is in my mind there is no obstacle to authors: journalist of CCTV 1 I listen to Zhou Yunpeng singing is the first time three years ago, in a bar, no seats, we all sat on cardboard. Ahead my boyfriend talking to two girls, holding a cell phone photos, in this environment, I was of little importance. He sang of the children "not do Karamay children, burning pain-skin mother worried. Don't be Sha Lanzhen children, he could not sleep beneath the dark water. ���� Don't be a child of Chinese people, MOM and dad are cowardly person. In support of their heart, dead above ground leader goes first. "This song is too relentless, like a knife tied one, I was somewhat disquieted, after listening to stand up and walk. Starting from 1994 kalamayi fire, much in the heart of a man over and over again, bubble for many years, he wrote this song, fire, water, bubble up. Stuck when he wrote the last sentence, "a great calamity is at hand" changed to "dead above ground", get it off your chest. 2 he was 9 years old and complete blindness, a reporter asked whether this mentally destroyed you? he replied, no, then I have not the spirit. Disasters come too early, it's catching a null. Kids feel like that is hard, like a mind wipe with sand paper "as a kid sister always takes me to the toilet, just squat, sister out there called" finished? "and I said," not all. "A few minutes and my sister also known as" finished? "and I said," not yet! "guilt shame in the heart, as if he was a thief. Then, when they want to go to the toilet will go to the toilet, and a person to, want to when you have finished when, and how! "look at Chinese people who now sing folk songs, singing Green Mountains, but the 70 's of the people, who has a childlike past? Luo singing childhood is realistic, Zhou Yunpeng tribute can only be imagined:" not so gentle childhood, not without water, we there is a little cottage. "There's nothing beautiful, there's nothing poetic, is such a time, that's the thing. People on marginal fields are greedily pictured a little damp smell out long. He has a blind school student, my mother is a teacher, reading every day more than 100 pages book for children, heard Zhou Yunpeng, he said, "I told you to listen to." Week said "anger me My mother doesn't know how many words, I will develop a strategy, did you not watch much, I could see fine, back, a 300 Tang poems, and 1000 times. Guwen guanzhi, classical Chinese, to hell with, pick up on the back. He said, Oh this ancient literature can also "this humorous and sad. He has been compared with the strong "just like a normal human life", wanted to go to good schools, but no, a college entrance exam cram schools, 20 points from his home, are walking. Parents don't have time, his father riding a big plate of tricycles, coal-carrying platform hand truck, parked outside, he is particularly sorry sth This car, it is better to go back yet. To go back. At the age of 88, vanity is strongest when, after class in the corridors is a student, he wouldn't hit people, think of the crowd at the same age girl, there is a humble, he said that the special twist on the mood, "into the corridor was like stepping into hell, everyone into the classroom, such as always, the last one. "Home recording into Braille classroom every day, sometimes you want to copy a few days, he was so good geography," then on the climatic zones, calculating solar elevation angle, to look at the map, to understand particular trouble, I would like to use all the wisdom to understand. "His adolescence this madness, it is almost a spiritual high fever, not also support would not have survived. I was able to find the little book of literary taste, less blind instrument he could find, the libraries are all of the selected works of Mao Zedong, there are also massage books, literature was minimal, the dream of all expurgated Edition, involving love to you be deleted. He said, "I hated the delete book people." He admitted to Chinese Department of Changchun Institute of special education at the University. Discover guitar boys boys than writing poetry attract more girls, they began to study piano, at the end of the piano teaching people, teaching hours Kam, they helped him to study for two hours. Had also wanted to listen to novels, but feel that get people to read such a book they would be lost, read masterpieces of the world, people read hard, he himself had to sleep with could not, "so the resurrection, and the red and black, and the nausea was finished in half asleep half awake. "After learning he was assigned to a salad plant," I'd like to work, the factory does not let me go to work. I am particularly irritability, all day long about in the room. A day like this is decades away from death, how do Ah? I would like to work, but it is not allowed. Economic interests are also on the other hand. I cannot participate in the real life, there is no honor, don't have been approved by the sense of accomplishment. "He laughed at those days was" dog ", wants to come to Beijing to try, see if he can survive, no, writing poetry, will play, so the car went to xizhimen on Metro, singing earned 20 bucks, feel alive, they stay. Singing the word looked very harsh, but he does not evade this word, he says it has a life, "the blind have their ancestors. Homer, the high fades away from these blind artist likes to walk around, singing in the streets. Perhaps because the blind will be separated from social lines, became very busy pretty stupid person. Useless will not be driven, the impact of pipeline, to change, sing and record times, passed for a lifetime. "31,998 years I just to Beijing of when, met of male youth, often are is three sentence words," I bleach in Beijing, I is engage art of, I total has a wanted to died of impulse "some also has fourth sentence words" you school in where? or I to you canteen found you's "Hou view Zhou Yunpeng wrote, he at that time live in Palace, there are is does not with 46 of art youth, most this routine, by this several sentence words pick up hot chicks and rub meal,, meal some to has, sat people opposite, you on was let he" eat a Bowl's "" does not eat does not eat "" eat a Bowl's "" does not eat "" don't kind, eat two Bowl's "" that line "he didn't that small dark temperament, had to daily brine cook noodles, nothing all day read Bible under, and read Tuo SI properly Dostoevsky, and read Shestov and Christian theology of book, keeps asked themselves many ultimate problem. Laugh at yourself when "Unwieldy, "he says, at that stage, ideas are still not implemented in life. His friend wrote, "he is drunk, an ass sitting in front of cold cement floor, life refused to came into the room, bang the ground blind the rod, and over again and shouting: ' or shaking hands, or despair sth Or shake hands or sth despair ', he said, "I used to be a person has been through much bitterness. Since my childhood education is that you are a disabled person, you have to constantly strive, broken in body but firm in spirit. This awareness has been after me to Beijing desalination, stop when a tragic hero. "He said: why do people despair? are you out of the individual, beyond the specific life you will easy to despair. He now likes old six "move it"-------"people should live in your life, one thing to do, do not keep thinking some big problems, big problems is made up of small problems, minor problems, big problems naturally solved, keep thinking to no avail. 4 we met at the beginning, I said who I was, he said I know you. I am a flicker, he said that in 97 I in Changsha, listen to your radio shows hosted, he also complement prove "matches, firewood, quiet quiet." I are does not too believe, how will in there case Shang? he says year in Changsha singing, I strange, then Hunan bar also far does not make good, good like are is nightclub, a large head and big ears--sign of a prosperous man of moderator says plastic Mandarin, has Miss night jump sexual dance of, singing of people are a Xiangtan words, came to first says meat Duan, later know he does is in so of local sing, describes to he, moderator says: "this is from Beijing of gold beetle band of lead singer Zhou Yunpeng!" he earned some money, everywhere go, go a go again back Beijing live while, Shanghai Suzhou Hangzhou Nanjing Changsha free grid in of desert alashan of Gobi, nagqu Prairie and Lhasa. Diancanglu, hike to Kunming. Tent at night, not to buy, is to find a tailor's shop, looking for a little plastic sheet joints. Blowing wind down at night. Was only four cool bun, a bottle of small er Guo TOU, rain, and hunger, in-place bottom berth. Tents do not serve the purpose, to paste on your face is wet. Cold and hot thirst, which are special, in his words, know their own small, don't ask what the ultimate meaning, and no other. Life itself is "bad bad". Some said that it was not a stray test his will, he said: "This tests make sense for you? you can handle on fire to see who a long time, this is a test of willpower, but this is an act of self-flagellation, in order to show the human will to do this kind of thing I think is a vanity, vanity is not personal, is the result of a collective sense of vanity thing, some people think that all eyes are watching him, even when alone, he is also to some kind of look at life. "He likes to walk, but which is which, and what not to conquer, less strong aim not to go. On that day there was a girl at the scene said, "my friend tell one, we hope you never signed up companies, always on the road singing. "Zhou Yunpeng laughed," that is a hope or a curse? everyone wants their own lives better. Only unhealthy people want their suffering. As said in the great dictator, who is a robot. My friend wanted me to think you can sell a lot of records, checking large companies, big house by the sea, in the news of the Chinese kids, we do not discriminate against the mainstream media. "When they looked at me and laughing. People ask, how can also relieve the world?, he said, as citizens of a selfish, to defend their rights would have been nice. We are past education and Jackie made defacing did not dare to speak for themselves in the world, it's empty. He said that the concept of human is an illusion, "because you can't make it to all the places, you cannot accept all of the people, in fact, what you call humanity is your close relatives and friends, everything is an illusion, but eventually to return to the individual, must eventually return to personal. "5 day chat forum is poetry and song, I said as a child, contact the first poem was" a red flowers, red red, Liu Hulan sister is a hero, Chairman Mao inscription of golden light, great die a glorious "side rubber band skipping while singing. He is also not too much less, puberty, misty's age, I copied Wang Guozhen XI Murong, he could see the North Island Tagore, body trace is not easy to get out of that kind of translation, in his book, as well as could be seen, for instance, he writes of the mountain Ghost: God is sitting in the empty heaven, the poet in a lonely world sth Overlooking the passing of time you walk and vicissitudes, carrying his own tombstone traveled everywhere. "vicissitudes," "bird's eye view", a word we all like to have, in his words, there is a "very serious". To break this is not easy, so many years are the antithesis to parallelism to rhyme, "brought down the other side with a dozen ranking sentences." Zhou Yunpeng times often mean school and I went to attend the lecture. Topics are basically in my hometown, the last sentence is often suddenly raise the level of a sound: "isn't it?!" a sagouxue that is Beijing kitchen. He is a teacher I'm fine, the redeployment. Have students write articles: "Li, though you have left our sth," he said, will not show love. Between men and women, too, he said, "that introduce you to" object ", which is an official language the word, ' object ' is a philosophical term to intervene in a personal relationship between men and women, the Word allow you to have no desire at all. What is "life style issues", your "personal problem did solve today?" he felt that Mandarin is an artificial language, but the hard life and involvement of the private life of persons. After his voice-enabled computers, people have privacy, dignity, and more freedom to read, for example, you can privately view the Jin Ping Mei, feverishly Knight. He said, "read like love, personal, secret. "Then he walked around, like local opera, sang opera blind, is the Northern Song dynasty, Southern Song dynasty of ancient poems. There are Suzhou Pingtan, small bridges and white snake, using simple words, people's feelings. In life as far as possible with an intuitive language slowly, not massive, not ranking, as far as possible at home. He likes the new language of the Web, sorrowful reminder, force, power, says more color, power folk language in the futurePoets would have better soil, you may write better and better. At the Forum site and he placed a "wild child" song, is to write high-Volt hot: broken his heart is strong like a stone, that is, it is as good as his love is like a stone flower even if it's dark, that is, it is the flower you say, how easy words, flowers and stones, it was being pioneers poet to laugh at the word, but the poetic. 6 week Yun Peng wrote a paragraph, "in my dreams, by reason of the childhood memories, see trees are green, blue, my health run, without fear. But I dreamed of her, was a shadow, because I've never seen her before. In my dream and day are all blind. "This hurts is the pinch in the human heart. He had a crush Sabina in Milan Kundera's novel, the pursuit of absolute freedom, "understood only later, after people once living becomes a part of life, unable to completely free. Life must be involved in, and then understand what freedom is all about in our mind, a lot of happiness comes from not free, if you fall in love with someone, it's not free. All focus on the damage free "two people together, no money, nor good temper, all Romance is grinding away. Fast break, he in Ningxia, hear the corridor ran out phone rings at midnight, I felt was her calling, still parted. He said, love the pain, will make you fall to the ground, spirit returning to the body. Cui Jian sing?----love theory was false, only the part of the pain is real. Love people understand what is the most helpless, you can't expect nor fight fate as knock the boiled eggs, no hurry not slowly, layers of people knock off and tender vulnerability to appear. Original poems and songs than his life, which subsequently understand song heshi life revealed "so much experience so many stories, and finally into a song, but their purpose is not to turn into a song, they can't," he wrote that does not speak of love: tired of embroidery embroidery of cattle and the sheep down the other side we burn ourselves and physical health of the House is on fire to untie your Red girth sprinkled a grey snow all over the world in the eyes of all the water in your swing open sth Days quickly reached the fruits and cooked our harvesting each other from the deep as the sea of hatred for the last time you went to your future and I went to my future sth Looking forward to more beautiful people look forward to our soul accessory looks forward to a better man comes back back back back back back and looking forward to my soul accessory, come back again. Pain is not wealth, pain is pain that "you should know that these experiences to a song, you're not angry is not available, you are not willing to write. You might think, don't write that song, preferring to experience a little better. "Only when man has no way out, not out of the music coming. 7 later, his economic pressure is not as big as before, mentally comfortable, sense of humor in music recovery, less heavy and joke with Li Bai in the song. He said that the live Xiangshan digestion and a lot of things of the past lives in the dark. He loves to climb, secretly to botanical gardens, a path and turn to turn to, can find lots of celebrities. Liu Tianhua, and Liu bannong 's, and Mei Lanfang, and Ma lianliang, Liang Qi-chao, "they are quietly staying there, look I do not see in the world. "He wrote in the spring of blame, say" just write this poem when I feel many lush flower in the spring, it was a reproach. Do you like your life is very depressed, life is dull, it is a kind of blame on you. "He wrote:" behind my house is a cluster of trees and wild hillsides, on the slopes there is a cemetery, next to the cemetery placed a dozen beehives. It is fine when bees buzzing into the Sun, has a hypnotic effect. A man riding on a couple hours, slowly progressive freezing and only feels himself a part of Golden amber with insects. There is a cat and dog, and whenever I improve their livelihood, they are not. Lamb cooked in the Pan, I felt my opened the lid, pan left a cat head right beside a dog's head, and itching. ���� The calm of a skilled, he says in the Holy Quran Word: destiny as the sea, free boat. Impossible to land sail your ship, people have to respect a boundary, but the ship can still be very free in fate. He could not see, but there was a smell of the songs on the favor, he wrote: "songs eventually grow into a camphor trees du Fu is the kind of leaves deposited Ouyang Xiu is bitter fragrance of autumn, he said: boy to MO, nutation and sleep. But the insects chirp heard walls, such as support to sigh, "he later wrote of the cattle and sheep mountain, including the does not speak of love lyrics, a lot comes from inspiration on the smell. "Cattle and sheep mountain, evening of cooking, plants fragrant, Hill air show good, fire firewood and the smell of cow manure, old m-cylinder. Smell is closer to the nature of art, artistic impulses and depth to the original. "He said in Tibet like cow Bell voice. "Bow and looked up, around is the sound of cow bells, unpredictable and Qing dynasty. I prefer the water, Ocean, water. I have been to turn the Yarlung zangbo River, where water is said to be heroic. I listened, as unpleasant surprise, very deep and very durable. I feel by hearing world "come out of this world is his hearing, hears, touches, stepped on, people only see things exist, but he could feel the existence of things to see if he wrote the--------" why I sing: a wood, called the cauda equina, rather than a horse, a cauda equina? someone in the wood of yearning and regret. ZAO poem cloud: looking out the window, just sorry plum falls reminds his life full of Nanshan. "A lot of people have eyes, but they have not seen and wouldn't listen, feel, and no longer flickers like a stone. 8 CCTV recording program when the audience and said to him, "I am very unfortunate blind, and very lucky enough to return to the light, so I guess all blind to feel when displayed. "Zhou Yunpeng said, if you were blind does not have to do, then when you see may not be able to do, I do not think the lives of the blind is a source of artistic inspiration. He said that blindness is a presence to him, walking down the street, was tripped by stones fall, the stones will remindYou once, what have you, feeling penetration life, unable to go beyond. He said, "I admit that it's there, admits no way beyond, maybe that's the attitude I take it. "Some say then how do you maintain a balance, he said, I respect my tilt even fall, balance is high quality. He is often asked, "you can't see the very painful?" he said, "you can also. "They say, you are really strong. He said, you have to let everyone say, who is suffering, suffering the most popular is the most common and most usual thing, even more popular than TV. A lot of people say: "see you only think to see the world is such a joy," he said, happiness is not a click. 9 old law hurts ?-��3��??e??��? ??����?��?e??��? ��?����?��?e??��? ?a3��?e??��?, to give her albums were recorded, says about the Pand twin and the stream with the sky made adapter for small, we all accidentally-----baganzidabuzhe of a few people how mixing a and finally small has really didn't go, says doesn't see this music, they had a few people around an empty chair Zhang Ying, Yong-Hao Luo themselves feel "canot bear to think of the past", but Zhou Yunpeng says this smiling, said that Koso song very well, very well the sense of the word. But she went to Super, so controversial. "If she were an underground band, such as" happy Street ", no one would think she was how would such a tune, zuoxiaozuzhou is run, no one said that" he had no sense of camp, there is no tension not deliberately created the climax, nor does it deliberately anti-climax, he is honest. Forum scene with a young boy, stood up and said to him, many years soon to Karamay, let him sing a song of the Chinese kids. He said that this is not to sing this song. Song is not to say, come and sing you a song to sing, the antiphonal disrespect. The boy said, "then your organization Memorial Concert bar," he says he's not going to do about it, he tried the sentence, "no commemoration, people will remember your time", I asked him, a lot of people expect of you is the strong hope you show more anger. He said, I think anger is something incidental, accidental, and normal life should be calm, moderate. If always angry, people live would have died a few years earlier, I said, but the underground singer was impressed, it should be like the Javelin and daggers. He said that if there is a goal can be to do it by yourself and daggers in Javelin, but don't ask people to do the Javelin and daggers. He wrote of the Chinese kids are also suffering from the water and fire, and from human instinct and feeling set out to write. Sichuan after the earthquake, many schools collapsed, many of my friends asked him, saying, the old weeks, the Chinese kids did this song specifically for children in Sichuan province continue to write an?, he said, I am not a Guo Moruo, brilliant thought not so agile, first of all, I appreciate is the aesthetics of music, but not too much occasion. 08 a bunch of people to go to Beijing South railway station take the light rail to Tianjin, the result can't buy tickets during the Olympic Games, it's exasperating. To go with his friend said: Lo week, wrote a song called label them!, he said, "I was afraid of being so" typed ". In fact, I like the mood a bit more complicated, as PinkFloyd,TomWaits. The need mentality more relaxed, don't enter the polarization State "I said, a lot of people expect you to critique the reality. He said, "once the music becomes a proletarian revolution, is a good, good, or what is, then to another negative, I think the musicians know, shouldn't we all hold for you, your protest you are amazing, you mind then a Halo you protesting all my life, I think that is a very silly things, as well as a particularly dangerous things. "So he says first-ever poetry is poetry, not tools, are not used to enlightenment and revolution. 10 many people facing persons with disabilities are likely to have a sense of heaviness. As if not heavy enough to respect, when asked his problems are so looking up at the scene of "weekly teacher, I ask a question, do you have any stray affair?" feelings, words are like this. Dinner-just understand tension also has this in an atmosphere of solemn, slightly after a while you'll find he slackness drink the wine, but pick a sentence, you can repair old law directly on the words, so we are enchanted. It dies his bad laugh. On site the other day, someone asked me, saying how you will mix with hooligans of the old law and Feng Tang. I said, where is the girl like weak foolish cowardice meat good students of the brain, but sorry bad. Zhou Yunpeng also said that, as a blind person is not easy. People will feel that, as a vulnerable group, don't you dare bad Ah, do not face too. When transferred to his high school girls in love, two were dating, because see, was discovered, he was a good student, school believe that how can you be so typical of self-destruction broken in body but firm in spirit, he said, "I'd rather relax like a mud in your own happiness, rather than become statues standing erect on the square. "He said all vulnerable groups have this problem. "I basically slightly worse than they point, but it is not bad enough, many years but I always want to get rid of morally constrained, why should I not how? first of all, I can break this constraint, then I can voluntary compliance. Or a special twist, not freedom. "He saw I was interviewing Eckart Loewe show, saying that it is a poetic person, you see that sentence he says that" free is mind without barriers "11 Zhou Yun Peng youth know a 22 year old little girl, she is a congenital blindness. Hardly talked to anyone. Just said to sing well. We sat around one place, and want to listen to her sing, a higher age level of the girls stayed with her. The girls said, "ton ton, sing us a song. "Everyone was quiet. She said: "one, two, three, sing!" Silent children, so many times that her voice suddenly rang. She was singing "Black Sea Sand Hill, stand tall pyramidal poplar". Zhou Yunpeng said, her mouth to sing, this song is flashy and vulgar precipitation processed completely, leaving only sorrow from civil and desolate. "A soul so small, so close to sad to understand, how it in fact carrying the weight burden." His fame when bulldozer has a red volunteer program, all album sales revenues will be used as start-up capital, buy MP3, musical instruments, so that blind children have a chance to come into contact with music and books. HeAgo to performances, said: "there was a little boy asked me whether I had a sense of, I said no. But he gives me. He said: I think you have it, I said that I don't really have. He said: you saved the foreclosure! this pretentious, I tried to play down this kind of thing ". He said in particular, do not like "sense of the word", "too many things that were delayed by too much sense of the people". He said "I'm a damaged part, not on the social line of precision, it's a toy, one day into the hands of a poor boy. In our culture, the most famous blind people should be pulling the ER Quan Ying Yue Abing, Zhou Yunpeng ever Wuxi, wants to write a biography Abing, he got a question is "Abing music is almost a household name, but how did he live? and how to love a woman? the most professional historians know very little about. "He came to, what information is still not found, he said, if Abing day spirit, he would want to" why don't you go while I live? "he said it only gave him the inspiration is, to understand, to love people who live around you. Zhou Yunpeng address books and music: Zhou Yunpeng Taobao shop

Sleep is better than any health products _ei1ad472

Everyone knows that insomnia is not good, but said that the role of sleep for health, but little is known. Sleep apnea can eliminate body fatigue. When in poor body condition, to sleep for a beautiful sleep, physical strength and Door energy will soon be restored.����This Interiordoor is because, during the sleep, synthesis energy matter of human organs, for the activity due to decline in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, some endocrine reduced, lowering the basal metabolic rate, can also make manual recovery. 1. sleep good heart health. Researchers residing in Greece 23,681 people wardrobe for investigation, results show that there are at least three times a week for 30 minutes NAP reduces risk of heart disease risk of people 37%.����In addition, the refractory hypertension, diabetes, and so on, are also closely related to sleep. 2. sleep well, makes you smarter. In sleep mode, the brain cell energy are stored, the brain oxygen consumption started to reduce. Wake up people's brains thoughts open minded, quick thinking, memory enhancement.����Germany sleep scientists in the United Kingdom in nature magazine, pointing out that good quality sleep can enhance creative inspiration. 3. sleep pressure. Studies have shown that sleep can reduce the secretion of Furniture stress hormones in the body.����Whenever you feel stressed when even a little NAP, and also allows you to quickly release stress, improve work efficiency. 4. sleep apnea is the most convenient and money-saving beauty. When people sleep, skin blood vessels completely open, full of blood reaches the skin, for their repair and cell to update, to delay the effects of skin aging.����Lack of sleep can also lead to obesity, weight loss drug is far better than a good night's sleep is more effective. 5. appropriate "sleep" or healing medicine. Cabinet in the hospital, can always hear the doctor's patients have to have a good rest. The saying goes, "seven recuperation of divide and conquer the third" Wardrobes, sleep is the most important of these seven nurse content. This is because, when the body is infected, and sleep �C cell wall acid related compounds, in addition to induce sleep, it can also enhance immunity, immune proteins, so sleep good patient heal faster.����For example, high blood pressure in patients with guaranteed 7-8 hours of sleep a day, Kitchen of older persons may be appropriate to reduce to 6-7 hours; for patients with cardiovascular, midday NAPs of 30-60 minutes, you can reduce the chances of cerebral haemorrhage. 6. Sleep Apnea Association President Zhang Jinghang, deep sleep is the important aspect of the body against viruses and bacteria infection. Immune cells enhance sleep body, is enhanced resistance to viruses, bacteria's ability to attack.����So at the time of the common cold or fever due to bacterial infections, sleep is a very good method of adjuvant therapy. 7. sleep can prolong life. Normal human growth hormone is secreted during sleep 5-7 times of the day.��������������United States a 1 million people, up to 6-year follow-up survey showed that less than 4 hours of sleep a day death rate higher than the normal 180%, and enough sleep to extend the life of people. Tea left a shampoo benefits bring love small Kit

Titan in party dresses _ninety

30 expansion of the young who will be formally launched initial social Waldorf doff December 29 of the international high society ladies, perhaps the most expansive hadelimali Nagel-Germany Countess, according to her mother, sushannageer, is also a direct descendant, by her father, Jon (lawyer), both the Declaration of independence signer. Lunageer, 19, playing her origins. Legendary world link "I mean, you still have to pay for your Starbucks coffee," she said recently. "It's not what it means. I think you and your talent, motivating others, and who you are. "And for her young life, Miss Nagel talent, celebrities are not unusual, has displayed was quite mubuxiajie: published articles, scholarly articles, well-known Edition of the Forum, and incentives for sustainable organic agriculture and social justice advocacy. Trap, skeet shooting and clays expert, she is a winner of the Blue Ribbon small-caliber rifle competition. By 2009, legend link from Nightingale, Bamford, privately owned, girls in the upper east side high school graduation, Nagel Miss model has been built and the history of the United Nations Club travel youth Web site, playintraffic.com and other Web sites, americansformadison.org, aimed at raising awareness of her hero, founding father James Madison recognized, and has won him a federal monument. All along, wunageer to meet with some renowned historians and 17th, becoming the youngest Capitol Hill lobbyists. Kill link at present, she is at the Johns Hopkins University, double majored in international relations and history in a voice Fugue (a coloratura singer, her most recent recording of the Opera Arias CD), a second-year student. "When you read your resume, you just want to throw in a bucket, and said," and Vicky Ward, Vanity Fair writer, who thanks to a new book about the collapse of Lehman Brothers Miss Nagel, said she had to Miss Nagel comments to heart problems. "I would warn young men in New York, http://www.elccg.com/BBS/Boke.asp?ninety.index.html," Ward said, "she's not bad people who are willing to let their cause. "According to sushangeer, historian, and her daughter's de facto public relations," many, many, many "people think that Serena Van DerWoodsen, a CW Network shows the characters" Gossip Girl ", was based on a lunageer, less casual sex and drug use (is 5 ' 7, long legs and a natural blonde). On the "author night" in the last year of the Nightingale, Cecily von Ziegesar ('88 class) is her latest works on "Gossip Girl" novel copy: spot domain private clothing "for the Hadley, a real thing. I hope you don't mind about the Serena model is a nuisance. So, is so interesting! that sounds like you're doing a lot more important things than any time in the past Dou Xueji, more beautiful. XOXO. "But the TV show's story lines and often miss the echo Nagel lived. 1.76 vintage legends of her parents, former Studio 54 regular, often spending with hotel, Hilton Hotels heir Thanksgiving, sushannageer said. Lady Wu Nagel's wardrobe includes Angelo di Livio dress, Chanel and JimmyChoo handbags and many pair of Manolo Blahnik pumps ("nothing is brilliant and loving manner inconsistent way," sushannageer said. John Adams, "reports at the inauguration ceremony of the George Washington suggests that Adams all the ornate costumes to dress up ... Talleyrand's favorite clothes. ") Dance school was attended by Miss Nagel (Knickerbocker and Buckley) http://www.citike.com/Boke.asp?ninety.index.HTML as an act of charity, Chairman of junior service; and dated one of the interesting young man in New York and Europe, including the Duke Castle section. Only child, she was the third grade, "the great expectation," she said. The age of 12, she and Brian Sussex, Professor of human genetics at the University of Oxford in DNA research interest in him. At the age of 13, she entered the jidigeerdan, and Office of the Dean at the Nightingale, and declare: "Hello, my name is eight-year student, I'll be here for high school, I want to start a debate team. Kill SF I what to do? "Miss Nagel wrote a proposal after school hired a coach, bought the t-shirt. She's old team-mates dubbed her "baby. "Through her third grade, she was a serious history enthusiasts with special permission, take classes in Colombia University. At her insistence, she and her mother went to Montpellier, Virginia, a weekend visit to James and Dolly Madison village. When the guide said, "did you know the Federal Memorial to James Madison?" Miss Gore refuse to believe it. SI link ("Hadley is usually more clearly than most docent," her mother said, back in 1999 or so of the Tower of London Tour. "They speak some history, and she raised her hand and says, ' wait, did you forget to Lady Jane Grey and you did not know ', she do this, this and this. They said, ' well, Miss you would like to work here? ") in the women's leadership symposium this weekend huoliaokeshan College where young women are asked to select an item, take as a future leader, wunageer James Madison announced she will seek to obtain federal monument. She contacts of Joseph j Ellis of the Ford Foundation United States, Massachusetts, history professor and Pulitzer Prize winner, author. Sport shoes wholesale he agreed with the lunch, and soon became her unofficial Undergraduate Admissions Advisor.

[Reprint] China's Guide to prevention and treatment of hypertension _ blue and white clouds

ԭ�ĵ�ַ���й��Ѫѹ����ָ�����ߣ��ľ�(2010-12-02 20:40:49)ת����ǩ����̸���ࣺ ����ָ���л����񹲺͹�����������Ѫ�ܲ������о����ĸ�Ѫѹ���ˣ��й�wbr>�й��Ѫѹ����ָ�ϣ�2005���޶��� ȫ�ģ��й��Ѫѹ����ָ���޶�ίԱ������ίԱ������������ίԱ��������wbr>�й��Ѫѹ����ָ���޶�ίԱ��ίԱ����֥�� ���� ��������(Ů)�ͱ����춦����wbr> ��������������������ά���ܱ���������Ҧ�绪���ѹ���ʸ���Ӣ�� ����wbr> �齯�۾��˳���wbr>�й��Ѫѹ����ָ��ѧ��ίԱ��ίԱ����֥�� ����wbr> ����wbr> ε���������������̹����ﺣ�뽨���������������� ����춡��׿����������wbr> ������·�춦���ͱ����������wbr> ����ɹ��������⺣Ӣ������� ����������͢����ά����һʯ���ΰ��˴ΰ��������º������Ӣ�´����ܱ�������������������Ҧ�绪���ѹ���һ�� ����������ɱ���ʹ���Ǯ����Ǯ�ݼ�˶���˸�����������ĺ��� �����������̫�������� ����wbr> �齯�۾�л�����˳�����񻪴�����κ��֮ǰ�ԡ��й��Ѫѹ����ָ�ϡ����޶��棩�ڶ�ι㷺�����ѧ��ר�����Ļ��ϣ����ҹ�20��λ��Ѫ�ܡ����ࡢ�ڷ��ڡ��񾭿ơ�������Ϊ��Ӫ�����ר����ɵ�ίԱ����ʱһ���޶���д��ɡ� Revision of this guide is based on recent advances in cardiovascular epidemiology and evidence-based medicine, taking into account the reference guide to the latest research results and recommendations of the 2003 foreign WHO/ISH hypertension treatment guide. In recent years, due to the rapid development and socio-economic change in lifestyle, incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases are a growing trend. According to the 2002 national survey on nutrition and health statistics, adult prevalence of hypertension is 18.8%, have high blood pressure in patients with about 160 million nationwide. Hypertension awareness, treatment and control of rates are very low, we face a task of prevention and control of high blood pressure is very difficult. This guide from the prevalence of hypertension and prevention of reality, and people made in accordance with national conditions and control strategies of combination of high risk populations, emphasis on crowd control, at the same time strengthen the treatment of patients with hypertension. Dangers of high blood pressure among connected with patient's blood pressure level things, also depends on the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors, and combined with other disease conditions. Therefore, in the definition and classification of high blood pressure, except will set the diagnostic criteria of hypertension on systolic blood pressure �� 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure �� 90mmHg; according to blood pressure is normal, normal, high blood pressure and hypertension at level 1, 2, 3, and should also be based on the combined risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, target-organ damage and at the same time with other diseases, high blood pressure patients are divided into 4 levels (groups), that is, high risk and low risk, medium risk, risk, and guide the doctor determine treatment, treatment strategies and estimate prognosis. Treatment of hypertension's main purpose is to minimize overall risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. That would require doctors to treat high blood pressure at the same time, risk factors of checking out all of the reversible intervention and appropriate treatment of patients in various clinical conditions. For the average blood pressure in hypertensive patients with objective should be to 140/90mmHg, and for diabetes patients, blood pressure should be reduced to below 130/80mmHg. In the initial drug of choice, primarily on the basis of personal circumstances, combined with social and economic issues, according to our current situation, groups should be treated as generic cheap anti-hypertensive drugs is recommended in patients with hypertension, first of all to improve treatment and on this basis, gradually increase the control rate. Clinicians can choose according to patient condition, b blockers, calcium antagonists diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or Angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist (ARB) or more, or fixed-dose effects of hypotensive preparations made from these drugs. Blood pressure targets, most patients with hypertension requires two or more antihypertensive combination. 2004���й��Ѫѹ����ָ��Ҫ��:Ҫ��1ָ�ϵ��޶���ǿ����Ҫ��llWBR> is a growing trend of the prevalence of hypertension in China, it is estimated that there are 160 million patients with high blood pressure, hypertension awareness, treatment and control of the lower. ll���Ƹ�Ѫѹ��Ԥ����Ѫ�ܲ�����Ҫ��ʩ�� Stroke is a threat to the health of our people's major diseases, controlling high blood pressure is the key to preventing stroke. ll����Ŀ����ͨ��ѹ����ʹ��Ѫѹ���ߵ�Ѫѹ��꣬��������޶ȵؽ�����Ѫ�ܷ�������������Σ�ա� ll���Σ�շֲ㣬ȷ�����Ʒ���llѪѹ��110/75mmHg����ȺѪѹˮƽ�������Ѫ�ܲ�Σ�ճ�����������ء� ll���ֵѪѹ��120~139/80~89mmHg���ߣ�Ӧ������ʽ��Ԥ����Ѫѹ����Ѫ�ܲ��ķ��� ll��ѹĿ�꣺��ͨ��Ѫѹ���ߵ�Ѫѹ����140/90mmHg���£������˵�����ѹ����150mmHg���£������򲡻������ĸ�Ѫѹ���ߵ�Ѫѹ����130/80mmHg���¡� ll�������b���ͼ���ACEI�����׿�����ARB���ͼ��������Ƽ������Ϊ��ѹ���Ƶ���ʼҩ��ά��ҩ����ݻ��߾������ѡ����ҩ�� ll������Ѫѹ������Ҫ2�ֻ�2����Buck on prescription to reach target blood pressure. stresses the importance of improvement of life style on the prevention and treatment of high blood pressure is not only beneficial in patients with high blood pressure, high normal blood pressure values and to people is also good. On the control of special populations, including hypertension, pregnancy-induced hypertension in the elderly, as well as at the same time suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure or kidney disease in patients with hypertension, the Guide has its own discussion. Hypertension prevention and control must be taken to the whole population, prevention and treatment of patients with high-risk populations and combination strategies, controlling risk factors, early diagnosis and early treatment and standardized management of patients start with three links, constructing the full front of hypertension prevention and control. Efforts to raise awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. These goals must depend on the transfer of the change of the ideas and strategies. From disease-led, turning health-led. From a patient-centered, turned to the crowd as the Center, will work in the Centre of gravity moves forward, and generally raise the level of health awareness and health of the population. From focus on medical, shifted to focus on preventive health care, comprehensive control of various risk factors. From specialist-dominated, turned to general practitioners, nurses, health care, laboratory, public health personnel to participate in team management. From the University Hospital-centric, shift to community-centered, high blood pressure prevention and treatment policies, measures, outcomes and experiences into communities of practice. From the health sector and towards social participation, and give full play to the various government departments, professional bodies, enterprises, the media and the role of the community, establishing a wide range of prevention and treatment of hypertension League and United Front. Revision of the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in China for our 21st century prevention of high blood pressure and a clear direction for clinical practice. Guide to principles into action requires government departments, academia, as well as a full range of support in the community, control of front line staff seriously implemented, serving the majority of urban and rural residents, for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in China make a contribution to a new level. in 2004, China's prevention and treatment of hypertension guidelines Revision Committee under China's recent progress in cardiovascular epidemiology and evidence-based medicine, refer to the latest research reports and guides at home and abroad, to revise the 1999 guidelines for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in China. First draft published before the end of 2004 (practical), repeatedly sought views on the basis of 2005 full-text publication. 1. the prevalence of hypertension high blood pressure is an ancient disease, more than 100 years ago, after the Riva-Rocci invented the cuff blood pressure monitor medical understanding of the physiological and pathological significance of hypertension. 20th century a large number of population distribution of blood pressure and blood pressure and cardiovascular disease epidemiology and clinical research, confirms high blood pressure is caused by a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological characteristics of hypertension research, the first problem to be solved is the diagnostic criteria of hypertension determined. Blood pressure distribution close to the normal distribution of the crowd. How to determine the boundaries of hypertension and Normotensive points (cutoffpoint) has been the focus of hypertension study on the epidemic. In theory, determination of the demarcation point is artificial, but from a clinical point of view, this point should be able to distinguish between "sick" and "no" sweet spot. The normal physiological indicators and identify any normal distribution, the principle is the same. After years of observation, research and feasibility studies, now comparing the same views are 140mmHg and systolic blood pressure DBP 90mmHg is best able to (sensitivity and specificity of the best) predicting the demarcation point of high blood pressure as a result of cardiovascular disease. However, is systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure, each has a different opinion. As the systolic blood pressure measurement (according to Korthof tone first tone) more accurate, so initially systolic blood pressure is recommended. Later study found greater clinical significance of diastolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure is recommended. Also mean blood pressure and pulse pressure in recent years the importance of a wide range of research, but the results show that this two kinds of indicator unsuitable as a distinction between "high" and "normal" targets. After years of debate and research, is now more consistent advice is both systolic and diastolic blood pressure two indicators. Therefore, "systolic blood pressure �� 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure �� 90 mmHg" is internationally accepted standards for the diagnosis of high blood pressure. In determining the diagnostic criteria of hypertension at the same time, also on international measurement of blood pressure measurement methods, instrumentation, environment, and factors influencing the frequency of a clear provision, formed a standardized method for measuring blood pressure, Hypertension epidemiology and the international community played an important role in promoting. 1.1 General Law of hypertension prevalence after years of epidemiological studies, now on the prevalence of hypertension in the crowd character and a clearer understanding of law. Hypertension prevalence of the general rule is: (1) the prevalence of hypertension is proportional to the age, and (2) prior to menopause incidence than men, than men after menopause; and (3) geographical distribution. General rule is to high latitudes (cold) higher than the low-latitude (warm) areas. High altitudes higher than lower elevations; (4) there are seasonal differences in the same population, prevalence rates in winter than in summer, and (5), and eating habits. Per capita salt and saturated fat intake, the higher the higher the average blood pressure levels. Often a large number of drinkers blood pressure levels higher than those who do not drink, or drink less; (6) showing is positively correlated with the level of economic and cultural development. Economic and cultural backwardness is not "civilized" areas seldom have high blood pressure, economically and culturally more developed, per capita higher the blood pressure levels; and (7) the prevalence of human obesity and stressIs positive, showing negative correlation with the level of physical activity, and (8) the genetic basis of hypertension has some. Immediate family members (especially between parents and their own children) blood pressure significantly. Blood pressure between different racial and ethnic groups with certain differences. 1.2 changes in the prevalence of hypertension and its trends have been three large-scale hypertensive population sample. 1958-1959 the first survey (municipal), investigated a total of about 500,000 population over the age of 15. Around the time of diagnostic criteria are inconsistent, together with statistical techniques behind, it failed to get the exact prevalence data. Roughly calculated average prevalence rough of 5.1%. 1979-1980 the second national survey, total search among people over the age of 15 is about more than 4 million. At the time of the World Health Organization standards (�� 160/95mmHg diagnosed hypertension, 140/90mmHg and 160/95mmHg of borderline hypertension). Then misunderstood, not people diagnosed with high blood pressure blood pressure value is one hundred and forty-ninetieths. In accordance with prevailing standards (systolic diastolic blood pressure �� or �� 141mmHg/91mmHg), with a total of borderline hypertension above rough 7.73%. In 1991 the third national survey, total search among people over the age of 15 more than 900,000. Full at the time of the international standards (systolic diastolic blood pressure �� or �� 140mmHg/90 mmHg or two weeks taking antihypertensive drugs), the resulting total prevalence of rough of 13.58%. According to standards adopted by the second survey (systolic or diastolic blood pressure �� �� 141mmHg/91 mmHg), sick rough as 11.88%. Thus, due to historical reasons, is unlikely to be based on results of the third survey to accurately estimate the trend of the prevalence of hypertension. But these data clearly reflected the upward trend of the prevalence of hypertension in China. In particular the second and third survey, using a blood pressure measurement methods and the same age group. In using the same standard (second survey of the standard) is fully comparable data. Results showed that 10 years from 1980 to 1991, a 4.15% increase in the prevalence of hypertension, a 54% increase in absolute value. epidemiology in Chinese population survey shows that stroke is a major threat to human health disorders. Research suggests about two hundred and fifty-tenths people stroke incidence, incidence of coronary heart disease is about fifty-tenths people. Stroke incidence is coronary heart disease by 5 times. Therefore, focuses on the prevention of stroke prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The major risk factors for stroke are hypertension, actively controlling high blood pressure are important measures for prevention of stroke. blood pressure levels in Chinese population start at 110/75mmHg, with elevated levels of blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk continued to increase, compared with blood pressure <110/75mmHg blood pressure when 120~129/80~84mmHg, increased cardiovascular risk 1 time and 140~149/90~94mmHg of blood pressure, cardiovascular disease risk increased twice, when blood pressure >180/110mmHg, cardiovascular disease risk increased 10 times. in recent years, due to changes in social change and people's lifestyles, incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in China there is an increasing trend. According to Ministry of health in 2002 organized by the residents of 270,000 human nutrition and health status information shows that dietary quality improved significantly in China, but city residents ' dietary patterns are reasonable. Livestock and grease consumption is too large, rapidly increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Chinese residents aged 18 and over with hypertension prevalence of 18.8%, it is estimated that number more than 160 million nationwide. Compared with 1991, prevalence increased by 31%. Hypertension awareness in China of 30.2%, treatment of 24.7%, control rate of 6.1% per cent, compared with the 1991 has increased, but is still in a poor standard. Prevalence of diabetes among residents aged 18 and over to 2.6%, impaired fasting glucose is 1.9%. Estimated number of national prevalence of diabetes more than 20 million, with nearly 20 million of impaired fasting glucose. Compared with 1996, big city over 20 years of diabetes prevalence rose from 4.6% to cent, an increase of 39%. Adult prevalence rate of Dyslipidemia 18.6%, estimated number of national prevalence Dyslipidemia 160 million, including hypercholesterolemia 2.9%, high blood triglycerides 11.9%, low density lipoprotein in patients with 7.4%. Adult overweight rate of 22.8% obesity rates is 7.1%, estimated national number 200 million overweight, fat people in more than 60 million. Childhood obesity rates have reached 8%, should be taken seriously. Compared with 1992, increase in adult overweight 39% obesity rates rise in 97%. Surveys have shown that diets high energy, high in fat and less physical activity and the occurrence of overweight, obesity, diabetes and Dyslipidemia are closely related, high-salt diet linked to hypertension, alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hypertension and Dyslipidemia are closely related, less fat intake and physical activity more people, more chances of suffering from this chronic disease. 1.3 high blood pressure in patients with hypertension awareness, treatment and control of hypertension awareness, treatment and control are important parameters of the epidemiology and control of hypertension. In 1991 the national sample was collected blood pressure hypertension awareness, treatment and control of the number of(1991, table 1, information from the Chinese Journal of hypertension in 1995 supplements, 17 pages). ��11991�� 2002���ҹ���Ⱥ��Ѫѹ����֪���ʡ������ʺͿ�������Ѫѹ����֪����*��%����ҩ��*��%��������*��%��1991�꣺������Ů�ϼ�37820357527357232.139.435.614.719.717.13.34.94.1ũ��wbr>��Ů�ϼ�26816286515546711.715.913.94.46.45.41.01.41.2�ܼ�12903926.312.12.82002�꣺�ܼ�2980030.224.76.1*2002��Ķ��壺֪����Ϊ�ɱ����Ϊ��Ѫѹ�ĵ�������ڵ���ǰ��֪���Լ����и�Ѫѹ�ߵı���������Ϊ�ɱ����Ϊ��Ѫѹ�ĵ�������н�2���ڷ���ѹҩ�ߵı��������Ϊ�ɱ����Ϊ��Ѫѹ�ĵ��������Ŀǰͨ������Ѫѹ��140/90mmHg�����ߵı��� data in table 1 suggest that current prevalence of hypertension in patients with essential hypertension awareness, treatment (medication) and control rates are very low. In addition, the corresponding rates significantly lower than in the countryside cities, males than females. United States in the 1980 of the 20th century, statistics showed that awareness of 60% in patients with hypertension, medication is 40%, controlling the rate of 25%; more than 2000 years three rate up to 70%, and 59%. more than epidemiological data show that nearly half a century in Chinese population prevalence of hypertension increased rapidly. Other studies also show that, other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (Dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, smoking, and so on) is clearly on an upward trend, accelerated hypertension pathogenic processes. Lead to high blood pressure and other risk factors increased mainly due to China's economic development, living standards improve and speed up the pace of life brought about by a series of due to unhealthy lifestyles. One of the most important dietary imbalances, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity and mental pressures increase. These adverse trends, as well as very low prevalence of hypertension control rates, is a serious challenge to the prevention and treatment of hypertension in China as well as an opportunity. Every medical personnel on the prevalence of hypertension and its results in China must have a clear understanding of the consequences, maintain a high degree of vigilance and to take strong measures to prevent it. 1.4 become Chinese first death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, risk factors for high blood pressure is the first recent 170,000 people in China should be more than 40 years old for 8 years (123 people-years) follow-up results indicate that total deaths 20,033, overall mortality rate of 1345.2 per 100,000 person-years. Top three causes of death (mortality per 100,000 person-years), heart disease, respectively (296.3), cancer (293.3), cerebrovascular disease (276.9). Total death risk factors in the first place is hypertension (relative risk: RR=1.48), smoking (RR=1.23) and the lack of physical activity (RR=1.20). Heart disease accounted for 23.1% of the total deaths, cancer, 22.3%, cerebrovascular disease accounted for 21.3%. Death of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease with total 44.4%. Hypertension and related disease burden is immense, according to the 2003 hypertension in direct medical costs for30 billion yuan, cerebral vascular disease is $ 26.3 billion, heart of $ 28.8 billion. Estimated annual cost of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (direct medical costs and indirect costs) 300 billion yuan. 2. blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk incidence of continuous blood pressure and cardiovascular disease are related. Many related diseases and hypertension occurs in normally is considered to be "normal" users, therefore, high blood pressure in patients with cardiovascular disease risk depends not only on blood pressure levels, also depends on both the number and extent of other cardiovascular risk factors. 2.1 internationally recognized risk factors for hypertension are risk factors for hypertension: overweight, more than high-salt diet and moderate drinking. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that the three major factors associated with the incidence of high blood pressure significantly, but also has its own characteristics. 2.1.1 of abdominal obesity or overweight and obesity in China in normal adult body mass index (BMI:kg/m2) for 19~24, body mass index �� 24 overweight, should be more than 28 per cent for obesity. Differences in body mass index on population prevalence rate has a significant impact on blood pressure and hypertension. Blood pressure and hypertension in Chinese population prevalence is higher than in the North the South, parallel with the differences in body mass index. Baseline body mass index for each additional 3, and 4 years within the risk of hypertension in women 57%, men 50%. Of abdominal obesity: Chinese adults "metabolic syndrome" waist tangential point of research has shown that middle age as waist circumference increased, "metabolic syndrome" component aggregation OR a marked rise; abdominal fat accumulation and increased risk factors are closely related. Male-female waist circumference �� 85cm, �� 80cm as tangent points, check out the "metabolic syndrome" of false positive and false negative rates are relatively low. 240,000 adult data meta-analysis showed that BMI �� 24kg/M2 3~4 the risk of high blood pressure is normal weight, diabetes risk is 2~3 times the normal body weight, with 2 and 2 or more risk factors for hypertension and diabetes risk is 3~4 times the normal weight. BMI �� 28kg/M2 over 90% of obese patients suffering from these diseases or risk factors for aggregation. Male waist circumference �� 85cm, hypertension risk for female �� 80cm waist circumference less than 3.5 times the boundaries, its prevalence is 2.5 times the risk of urinary diseases, of which 2 and aggregation of 2 or more risk factors for hypertension and diabetes risk for more than 4 times the normal weight. recently, the International Diabetes Federation announced the "metabolic syndrome" standards for abdominal obesity is a Chinese waist circumference �� 90cm male and female �� 80cm. Waist size now loose minute jackets used was about abdominal obesity obesity working group proposed standards in China, but in different studies may also refer to the standards of the International Diabetes Federation. Waist size standards related to abdominal obesity in China still needs further study. ��2�й���˳��غͷ��ֵ�����ָ�����Χ����ֵ����ؼ���*Σ�յĹ�ϵ��������ָ��(BMI)��kg/m2����(cm)�У�<8585-94��95Ů��<8080-89��90���ع�**<18.5������������18.5-23.9�����Ӹ߳���24.0-27.9���Ӹ߼��߷��֡�28�߼��߼���*��ؼ���ָ��Ѫѹ�����򲡣�Ѫ֬�쳣��Σ�����ؾۼ��� **���ع�Ϳ���Ԥʾ���������⣨�й���ֹ����飬�л����в�ѧ��־2002��23�ڣ�ע��Ϊ��������ݿɱȣ��ڽ�BMI���ͳ��ʱ��Ӧ����BMI��25����30���� In order to fully evaluate, you can also calculate waist circumference of male and female �� �� 95cm 90cm data. 2.1.2 drinking alcohol at least once a week for the calculation of drinking, middle-aged men drinking rate 30%~66% females are 2%~7%. Male drinkers than those who do not drink 4 years at increased risk of hypertension 40%. 2.1.3 salt-sodium diets high in Chinese population salt intake is higher than in Western countries. Population salt intake by around 12g-18g per person per day in the North, South of 7g-8g. Correlation between dietary sodium intake and blood pressure significantly, crowd blood pressure levels in the North than the South. After the control of total calories, dietary sodium and the systolic pressure and the pressure of the correlation coefficient up to 0.63 and 0.58 respectively. Population increase in average daily intake of salt 2G, systolic and diastolic blood pressure rise in 2.0mmHg and 1.2mmHg respectively. 2.2 blood pressure is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease blood pressure are strokeIndependent risk factors and coronary heart disease. 2.2.1 elevation of blood pressure is the most important group of Chinese stroke risk factors for stroke in high risk countries, 1997, Beijing 35~64sui WHO-MONICA study two hundred and forty seven-tenths million for the incidence of stroke in men, and women of one hundred and seventy five-tenths people. 10 groups of population studies have shown that blood pressure and stroke risk log-linear relations, baseline rise in systolic blood pressure every 10mmHg, 49% increase in relative risk of stroke (47% increase in ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke increase 54%); diastolic blood pressure rises 5mmHg, increased risk of stroke 46%. East Asian population analysis shows that China and Japan crowd, elevated blood pressure effect on the incidence of stroke intensity to Western crowd 1.5 times. Study suggests older basis and in the long-term treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disease mean systolic blood pressure levels associated with recurrent stroke. Stroke prevention study in seven Chinese cities showed that blood pressure levels linked to stroke risk, rise in systolic blood pressure every 10mmHg, stroke risk increases by 25%. Community intervention treatment can bring down the danger of stroke 31%. 2.2.2 elevation of blood pressure is elevated blood pressure of the Chinese group of risk factors for coronary heart disease is an independent risk factors for coronary heart disease in the West, Framingham Heart study and MRFIT study has confirmed. Shougang company risk factors for coronary heart disease in men: a prospective study shows that when the systolic blood pressure 120~139mmHg, relative risk of coronary heart disease increased by 1.3 times times higher than <120mmHg 40%,140~149mmHg, also shows blood pressure effects on coronary heart disease in the Chinese population. A rapid rise in blood pressure induced by acute myocardial infarction. 2.2.3 blood pressure increases the risk of heart failure and kidney disease have a history of congestive heart failure risk of hypertension than persons without a history of high blood pressure high 6 times. Diastolic blood pressure lowering 5mmHg, makes the risk of end-stage renal disease with one-fourth. According to Chinese cardiovascular health study, prevalence of heart failure is 0.9%, it is estimated that there are 4 million patients with heart failure. 2.2.4 pulse pressure effect on cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Pulse pressure increase is a reflection of poor arterial elasticity index. Syst-China, Syst-Eur and EWPHE of hypertension in the elderly, such as test summary analysis showed that the baseline pulse pressure and total mortality in the elderly over 60 years, cardiovascular death, stroke and coronary heart disease is a significant positive correlation. Study suggests older pulse pressure in patients with cerebrovascular disease associated with recurrent stroke. 2.3 other risk factors for cardiovascular disease cardiovascular disease is the result of combined effects of multiple risk factors, at the rise of several risk factors on the absolute risk of cardiovascular disease may exceed the height of individual risk factors increase the dangers posed by. We have when considering treatment approaches and hypertensive patients, not only the basis of their blood pressure, you should also consider other risk factors. Other risk factors for cardiovascular disease are as follows: 2.3.1 age: cardiovascular disease increase with age. Beijing 35-74 residents, age 10 years of growth, increased incidence of coronary heart disease 1~3 times, increase in incidence of stroke in 1~4 times. This is because most of the rise in risk factor levels increase with age, although older high speed has slowed, but because of the high incidence in the elderly, the absolute risk is still very high. 2.3.2 sex: cardiovascular morbidity in men than women, 14 people monitoring according to the results for 5 years in China, 25~74sui male patients with coronary heart disease, stroke incidence in women's 1.1~6.2 and 1.2~3.1, respectively. 2.3.3 smoking: smoking is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. 10 groups of prospective study cohort showed that higher relative risk of coronary heart disease than nonsmokers smokers twice times, increased risk for ischemic stroke 1 time, elevated cancer risk 45%, aggregate mortality risk increased 21%. Beijing information indicates that smoking amount for each additional 1 time, increased by 4 times times the risk of acute myocardial infarction. 2.3.4 Dyslipidemia: serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevated is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke. Shougang male blood TC200~239mg/dl, twice the risk for coronary heart disease TC<200mg/dl times, 3 times the risk for >240mg/DL <200mg/DL. Shanghai, a group of employees data also show that, although TC blood levels lower than the Western, but their relative risk of death is still log-linear relationship between coronary heart disease. Explains blood TC as a risk factor for coronary heart disease, there is no minimum threshold. The other hand, also has information on TC tips such as blood is too low (<140mg/DL), it is possible to increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. 14 groups of population studies have shown that high density lipoprotein cholesterol in populations (HDL-C) are associated with coronary heart disease incidence was significantly negative. 2.3.5 of overweight and obesity: overweight and obesity is a risk factor for hypertension, as well as independent risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke. Body mass index (BMI) level is less than the West, but the faster-growing in recent years. BMI levels linked to cardiovascular disease in Chinese population. At baseline BMI for each additional 1kg/m2, increased risk of coronary heart disease 12%, increased risk of ischemic stroke in 6%. Overweight and obesity is coronary heart disease tips and independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. 2.3.6 diabetes and insulin resistance: diabetes mellitus is a clear risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, coronary heart disease CHD risk equivalents. According to a 1994 survey of more than 200,000 people, my diabetes prevalence and impaired glucose tolerance prevalence and 2.5%, respectively, than they were 10 years ago grew 3 times. 2002 survey also hints big city over 20 years of prevalence of diabetes than per cent from 1996. Diabetes mellitus in patients with BMI, waist, and blood pressure levels are higher than non-diabetic persons. Our data also shows that serum insulin level and many risk factors for cardiovascular disease significantly related to, such as high triglycerides and low HDL-C, overweight and obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and uric acid and so on. Study data show that diabetes group Daqing coronary heart disease is the number 10 times more than double the normal glucose tolerance. Postprandial blood glucose levels and coronary heart disease are related. 2.3.7 c-reactive protein: many studies have shown that c-reactive protein and cardiovascular disease-related, predictable occurrence of cardiovascular events, as strong as its ability to predict and LDL-C. C-reactive protein and "metabolic syndrome" are closely related. Required further accumulation of domestic research data. 2.3.8ȱ����������������������ɳ���/���ֵ���Ҫԭ��֮һ�� Follow-up studies show that the rural farmers in Beijing and Guangzhou, turning township enterprises when workers or farmers in non-agricultural workers and field workers, significant increases in BMI, other cardiovascular risk factors is significantly increased. Lack of physical activity can increase cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hypertension. 2.3.9 history of cardiovascular disease: the history of the disease: a family history of cardiovascular disease, I have patients with cardiovascular illness (such as stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and so on) or a history of kidney disease, and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. 3����������������������棺�� ȷ��Ѫѹˮƽ��������Ѫ�ܲ�Σ�������� �жϸ�Ѫѹ��ԭ����ȷ���޼̷��Ը�Ѫѹ���� Ѱ�Ұ��������Լ�����ٴ������wbr>Ŀ�������ڸ�Ѫѹԭ��ļ����ϡ���Ѫ��Σ�����ص���������ָ����ϴ�ʩ��Ԥ���жϡ� In patients with the information you need from family history, medical history, physical examination and laboratory tests. 3.1 clinical history and family history Essentials 2 clinical history and family history collection 1. 1.����Ѫѹˮƽ����Ѫѹ����2. 2.�̷��Ը�Ѫѹ��ָ��ll���༲������ʷ��������ll���༲������·��Ⱦ��Ѫ������ֹʹҩ����ʵ���Լ�����llҩ��ڷ�����ҩ���ʲݡ���θͪ���α�ҩ���ɿ��򡢰�����������̴����������࿹��ҩ���ٺ�ϸ�����ء����߾�lwbr>l���Գ�����ͷʹ�����ǡ��ļ£��ȸ�ϸ����ll���Լ������;��Σ�ȩ��ͪ����֢��3. 3.Σ����ll��Ѫѹ����Ѫ�ܼ����ĸ���ʷ�����ʷllѪ֬�쳣�ĸ���ʷ�����ʷll���򲡵ĸ���ʷ�����ʷll����ϰ��ll��ʳϰ��ll���֣����ll4. 4.������֢״ll�Ժ��ۣ�ͷʹ��ѣ�Ρ������½�����������ȱѪ�������о����˶�ȱʧll���ࣺ�ļ¡���ʹ����̡��ײ�ˮ��ll�����ڿʡ�����ҹ��Ѫ��ll����Ѫ�ܣ�֫�˷��䡢��Ъ������5. 5.����ѹ����ll����ҩ�P����Ч�͸���6. 6.���ˡ���ͥ�ͻ�������ȫ��IJ�ʷ�ɼ���Ϊ��Ҫ��Ӧ��ll����ʷ��ѯ�ʻ������޸�Ѫѹ�����򲡡�Ѫ֬�쳣�����IJ��������л����ಡ�ļ���ʷ��llr />���̣�����Ѫѹ��ʱ�䡢Ѫѹˮƽ���Ƿ���ܹ��Ѫѹ���Ƽ�����Ч�͸����ã�ll֢״������ʷ��Ŀǰ���������޹��IJ�������˥�ߡ���Ѫ�ܲ�������Ѫ�ܲ������򲡡�ʹ�硢Ѫ֬�쳣��֧��ܾ��Ρ�˯�ߺ�����ͣ�ۺ�֢���Թ����쳣�����༲���ȵ�֢״��ʷ�����������ll������ʾ�̷��Ը�Ѫѹ��֢״��ll��ʽ����ϸ�˽���ʳ�е�֬�����Ρ���������������֧�����������ѯ�ʳ���������������llҩ���¸�Ѫѹ����ϸѯ�������ÿ������Ѫѹ��ҩ���ڷ�����ҩ���������࿹��ҩ���ʲݵȣ�ll����������أ���ϸ�˽����Ӱ���Ѫѹ���̼���Ч�ĸ���������ͻ������أ�������ͥ����������������Ļ��̶ȡ� 3.2 physical examination: a careful physical examination will help find clues to hypertension and secondary target-organ damage. Include a correct measurement of blood pressure of limbs, measurement of body mass index (BMI), measure waist circumference or waist, checking eyes, observing the Cushing-free face, neurofibroma skin spots, exophthalmos, lower extremity edema symptoms of hyperthyroidism, auscultation, chest, abdominal aorta artery in carotid artery, femoral artery with or without noise, palpation of the thyroid, full of heart and lung checks, check abdomen expanded with and without kidney, tumors, extremity arterial pulsation, examination of the nervous system. 3.3ʵ���Ҽ�飺Ҫ��3ʵ���Ҽ�鳣����llѪ�ǣ��ո�Ϊ�ˣ�llѪ���ܵ��̴�lr />lѪ����ܶ�֬���׵��̴���HDL-C��ll�ո�Ѫ�������llѪ����llѪ�弡�llѪ���llѪ�쵰�׼���ϸ�����ll��Һ����ll�ĵ�ͼ�Ƽ��ļ��ll�����Ķ�ͼll���������͹ɶ���������llC����Ӧ����ll��΢���׵��ף����򲡲��˵ıز���Ŀ��ll�򵰰׶���������ά��ֽ���Ϊ���ԣ�ll�۵׾���飨���ظ�Ѫѹ�ߣ�ll��Ƭ��һ����飨רҵ���룩ll�кϲ�֢�ĸ�Ѫѹ���Թ��ܡ��Ĺ��ܺ������ܼ��ll�̷��Ը�Ѫѹ���ⶨ���ء�ȩ��ͪ��Ƥ�ʼ��غͶ��Ӱ�ˮƽ��������Ӱ�����������ٳ������������CT����ͷ���Ź�����񳣹��飺llѪ���ء��ո�Ѫ�ǡ�Ѫ���ܵ��̴����������������ܶ�֬���׵��̴������ܶ�֬���׵��̴������ᡢ����llȫѪϸ�����Ѫ�쵰�׺�Ѫϸ�����lr>l��Һ�������򵰰ס��Ǻ������죩ll�ĵ�ͼll���򲡺�������������Ӧÿ�����ٲ�һ���򵰰ס� recommended inspection items: Echocardiogram, carotid and femoral artery ultrasound, postprandial blood glucose (measurement when the fasting plasma glucose �� 6.1mmol/or 110mg/d), c-reactive protein (high sensitivity), and Microalbuminuria (diabetic patients will find items), urinary protein quantitation (cellulose paper check as a positive check this item), fundus examination and chest, sleep apnea monitoring (sleep apnea syndrome). suspected and secondary hypertension, respectively, check the following as needed:, blood plasma Renin activity and aldosterone in urine, blood and urinary catecholamine, angiography, kidney and adrenal gland ultrasound, CT or MRI. 3.4Ѫѹ������Ѫѹ��������ϸ�Ѫѹ�����������س̶ȵ���Ҫ�ֶΣ�Ŀǰ��Ҫ���������ַ�����3.4.1����Ѫѹ����Ѫѹ��Ŀǰ�ٴ���ϸ�Ѫѹ�ͷּ��ı�׼��������ҽ����Ա�ڱ�׼�����°�ͳһ�Ĺ淶��Ҫ��4Ѫѹ�����IJ���ll����Ҫ�������ڰ����ķ����5���Ӻ��ٿ�ʼ������ ll���ٲ������Σ����1~2���ӣ������β���������Ƚϴ�Ӧ�ٴβ����� ll���ñ�׼���12-13cm����35cm����������ϱ۽ϴֻ��ϸʱ��Ӧ�ֱ���ýϴ���С������ͯӦ���ý�С����� llRegardless of the positions patients, upper arm should be at the heart level. ll�ֱ����Korotkoff��I���͵�V������ʧ����ȷ������ѹ������ѹ�� ll����ʱӦ������˫��Ѫѹ����Ϊ����Ѫ�ܲ����Ե�����������Ѫѹ�IJ�ͬ�������﷽������ʱӦ�Խϸ�һ��Ķ���Ϊ׼�� ll�����ˡ������˻������л�������λ�Ե�Ѫѹ�IJ��ˣ�Ӧ����ֱ��λ1���Ӻ�5���Ӻ��Ѫѹ�� ll�ڶ��β�����λѪѹʱ��Ӧ����������ʣ�30�룩�� Ҫ��5 Ѫѹ����llͨ��������Ѫѹ��Ϊ�ο�ll�������24Сʱ��̬Ѫѹ����и����ٴ���ֵ������Ѫѹ�����IJ��ˣ�ͬ�λ�ͬ�ξ���ʱ��������Ѫ��Σ�յͶ�����Ѫѹ�ߵIJ��ˡ�����Ѫѹ�ͼ�ͥ�Բ�Ѫѹ������ԵIJ��ˡ�����ҩ��������Ч�IJ��ˡ��о���ll������ü�ͥ�Բ�Ѫѹ��Ϊҽ������ƾ����ṩ������Ϣ����߲��˶����Ƶ�������ll����������˲��ü�ͥ�Բ�Ѫѹ�����²��˽��ǡ����²������иĶ����Ʒ���lr />l����Ѫѹ����̬Ѫѹ����ͥ�Բ�Ѫѹ����ֵ��ͬ�в����� Specific requirements are as follows: �� select the mercury sphygmomanometers meet measurement standards or international standards (BHS and AAMI) measure passed the inspection of electronic Sphygmomanometers. ��ʹ�ô�С���ʵ���������������Ӧ��80%�ϱۡ� Arm circumference of the majority 25-35cm, l 35cm, w 12-13cm balloon sleeve specifications; obesity or Bicep should use large size cuff; children using small cuffs. �DZ����������ٰ�����Ϣ5���ӣ��ڲ���ǰ30�����ڽ�ֹ���̻���ȣ��ſհ��ס� �ȱ�������ȡ��λ��������Σ���¶���ϱۣ��ϱ������ദ��ͬһˮƽ�� If you suspect that the peripheral vascular disease, doctor left, right upper arm blood pressure should be measured for the first time. Exceptional circumstances may be taken as a lying position or standing. Elderly, in patients with diabetes mellitus and orthostatic hypotension occurs, should be standing blood pressure measurement. Standing blood pressure in a lying position to 1 minute, and 5 minutes of standing time measurement. �� cuff closely tied to be measured in the upper arm, lower edge of the cuff should be 2.5cm on the bending of the elbow. Brachial artery beat places the stethoscope probes. �� measurements quickly inflated balloon rise 30mmHg following internal pressure is the radial artery pulsation disappear (4.0kPa), and then at a constant rate (2-6mmHg/sec) slow air release. Slow heart rate, and outgassing rate should be slower. After obtaining the diastolic blood pressure readings, quickly drop to zero. �� put gas in the process of listening carefully Korthof tone, observation of phase I of Caldwell's tone (the first tone) and phase v (disappearing tone) convex vertical mercury column heights. Systolic blood pressure readings taken phase I of Caldwell's tone, diastolic blood pressure readings taken Caldwell's phase v of the sound. ≪12 the age of children, pregnant women, severe anemia, hyperthyroidism, aortic regurgitation and Caldwell's music does not disappear, Korthof IV phase of the sound (tone) for diastolic blood pressure. �� unit mm Hg on clinical use of blood pressure (mmHg), China's official publications indicated in mm of mercury and kPa (kPa) conversion, lmmHg=0.133kPa. ��Ӧ���1-2�����ظ�������ȡ2�ζ����ƽ��ֵ��¼�� If the difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure readings 2 times above 5mmHg, should be measured again, take 3 times average of the readings record. 3.4.2 self test blood pressure assessment of blood pressure and gravity, evaluation of antihypertensive effect, improved treatment compliance, enhance treatment for active participation, self test blood pressure with unique advantages. And without white coat effect, reproducibility is better. At present, the family self test evaluation of blood pressure and blood pressure in patients with guidance on antihypertensive therapy has become an important complement to the blood pressure clinics. However, the anxiety or frequently change treatments on their own patients according to blood pressure readings, self test blood pressure is not recommended. recommended in line with international standards (BHS and AAMI) of the upper arm, automatic or semiautomatic electron sphygmomanometer, normally the upper reference values: 135/85mmHg. Attention patients to the medical report may have a subjective self test blood pressure data select, reporting bias, consciously or unconsciously choose higher or lower in patients with blood pressure readings reported to the physician, affecting doctors judge the condition and modify the treatment. Memory storageAccording to the features electronic manometer can overcome deviations. Blood pressure readings reported either weekly or monthly averages. Family self test blood pressure lower than the blood pressure clinics, family self test blood pressure 140/90mmHg blood pressure 135/85mmHg equivalent to the clinic. people have suggested that the normal blood pressure measurement of blood pressure on a regular basis (20-29, once per two years, over 30 years old at least once a year). 3.4.3 dynamic ambulatory blood pressure measurement in compliance with international standards should be used (BHS and AAMI) monitor. Ambulatory blood pressure in normal domestic reference recommends the following criteria: 24 hours the average <130/80mmHg, <135/85mmHg the day average, average <125/75mmHg at night. Under normal conditions, nocturnal blood pressure values lower than the blood pressure values in daylight-10%. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring can be used at the clinical diagnosis of white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, refractory hypertension, refractory seizures hypertension or hypotension, assessment of severity of hypertension, but the key is still used in clinical research, such as assessment of cardiovascular regulation mechanisms, prognosis, clinical assessment of new drugs or treatments, not a substitute for Clinic of blood pressure measurement. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements should be aware of the following issues: measuring time interval should be set to 30 minutes at a time. You can set the interval of time you want. ָ�������ճ������������˶��� When measuring blood pressure in patients with upper arm to keep stretch and rest. ���״μ������α���϶��ʹ����80%��Ԥ��ֵ��Ӧ�ٴβ����� 24-hour average blood pressure, blood pressure during the day or nocturnal blood pressure clinical decision making the reference, but tends to mean blood pressure 24 hours. 3.5 find target-organ damage and some clinical target organ damages judgment of total cardiovascular risk in patients with high blood pressure is very important and therefore should be carefully looking for evidence of target-organ damage. 3.5.1���ࣺ�ĵ�ͼ���ּ�ڷ����ļ�ȱѪ�����ഫ�����ͺ�����ʧ�������ҷʺ� Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy and predict cardiovascular risk is undoubtedly superior to the ECG. Isotope imaging, magnetic resonance, cardiac exercise stress test, and when there is a special indication for coronary angiography (such as the diagnosis of coronary artery disease) can be applied. X-ray is also a useful diagnostic methods (understanding heart outlines, aortic or pulmonary circulation). 3.5.2 vessels: sonographic detection of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaques may predict stroke and myocardial infarction occurring value. Systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure as a predictor of cardiovascular events in the elderly is receiving increasing attention. Indices of pulse wave velocity measurement and enhancement of the measuring instrument is expected to develop into arterial compliance diagnostic tools. Endothelial cell dysfunction as an early marker of cardiovascular damage has also been widely concerned activity markers of endothelial cells (nitric oxide and its metabolites, et) to study possible provides an easy method for detection of endothelial function in the future. 3.5.3 kidney Hypertension diagnosis of renal impairment based mainly on increased serum creatinine, lowering the creatinine clearance rate and proteinuria (Microalbuminuria or large amounts of albumin in urine) excretion rate increases. High uric acid [>416mmol/L serum uric acid levels (7mg/DL)] is common in untreated patients with hypertension. Hyperuricemia associated with renal sclerosis. Elevated serum creatinine concentration tips reduced glomerular filtration rate, and albumin excretion increases tips glomerular filtration barrier dysfunction. Microalbuminuria strongly hint occurs in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes progression of diabetic nephropathy, proteinuria, renal lesion often prompted. Micro-albuminuria of non-diabetic patients with hypertension, cardiovascular events forecast values. Therefore, we recommend that all hypertension per capita for determination of serum creatinine and uric acid in serum and urine protein (cellulose paper check). 3.5.4�۵׾���飺��Wagener��Backer��Ѫѹ�۵׸ı��Ϊ�ļ��� Level 1 and level 2 78% in the prevalence of retinopathy in patients with hypertension, so the total cardiovascular risk stratification in evidence there as a target-organ damage in question. Level 3 and level 4 retinopathy is certainly serious complications of hypertension, fundus found bleeding, oozingAnd optic disc edema as coexistence of clinical situations. 3.5.5�ԣ�ͷ­CT��MRI�������������еı�׼������ MRI examination in patients with hypertension of nervous system anomalies is feasible. Cognitive impairment in the elderly, at least in part related to hypertension, hypertension can be used as cognitive assessment. 3.6 secondary screening for high blood pressure in hypertensive for adults about 5%~10% can find out the specific reasons for high blood pressure. Through clinical history, physical examination and routine laboratory screening for secondary hypertension can be simple. Following clue prompt with secondary hypertension may: �� severe or refractory hypertension; �� young onset; �� good sudden worsening of hypertension control; d sudden illness; �� with peripheral vascular disease and hypertension, to diagnosis procedures following such patients (see point 6). 3.6.1��ʵ���Ը�Ѫѹ��ʵ���Ը�Ѫѹ�����ļ̷��Ը�Ѫѹ�� (The most common type of chronic Glomerulonephritis, others include structural renal disease and obstructive nephropathy, and so on. ) All hypertension except for routine urine check when newly diagnosed by screening renal hypertension. Physical examination of bilateral touches upper abdominal mass, suspected polycystic kidney disease, and abdominal ultrasound, helps clear diagnosis. Measuring urine protein, such as red blood cells and white blood cells and serum creatinine concentration, Glomerular and renal tubular function can help you understand. Ҫ��6�̷��Ը�Ѫѹ�������𺦵��������ʾ�̷��Ը�Ѫѹ�������𺦵�����ll���ϣ�Cushing���ۺ�������ll����ά����Ƥ���ߣ��ȸ�ϸ����ll�������������󣨶�����ll�����и�����������Ѫ���Ը�Ѫѹ��ll��������ǰ����ز���������������խ������������ll>�ɶ���������ʧ���ز���������������խ������������ll�ɶ���������ʧ���ӳ١��ɶ���ѹ���ͣ���������խ�����������������𺦵�����ll�ԣ��������������˶���о�ȱʧll�۵ף��۵׾�����쳣ll���ࣺ�ļⲫ����λ�ü����ʣ�����ʧ�������Ա����ɣ��β�������������ˮ��ll����Ѫ�ܣ�������ʧ�������򲻶Գƣ�֫�˷��䣻Ƥ��ȱѪ�Ըı�wbr>3.6.2��Ѫ���Ը�Ѫѹ��Ѫ���Ը�Ѫѹ�Ǽ̷��Ը�Ѫѹ�ĵڶ�λԭ�� Foreign 75% in patients with renal artery stenosis is caused by atherosclerosis (especially in the elderly). In China, Arteritis was one of the important causes of renal artery stenosis in young people. Fibers of muscle hypoplasia in the less common in China. On signs of renal artery stenosis is the umbilical cord to the unilateral conductive hearing and vascular murmur, but is not common. Laboratory tests make it possible to discover high plasma Renin, hypokalemia. Decrease in renal function and renal patients with loss of volume is late manifestation. Ultrasound check of renal artery, enhanced spiral CT, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography, useful for diagnosing. Renal artery by color Doppler ultrasound examination, is the high sensitivity and specificity of non-invasive screening tool. Renal Arteriography can be confirmed. 3.6.3 pheochromocytoma pheochromocytoma is a rare form of secondary hypertension, detection of Catecholamines in urine and blood catecholamine hypersecretion clearly exists. Ultrasound or CT checked may make a diagnosis. 3.6.4 primary aldosteronism as a screening method for detection of serum potassium level. Deactivate Renin drug effects (such as the b-blockers, ACEI), plasma Renin activity in significantly lower (<1NG/ml/h), and significantly increases plasma aldosterone levels indicates that the disease. Plasma aldosterone (NG/DL) and plasma Renin activity (ng/ml/h) ratio is greater than 50, height hint of primary aldosteronism. CT/MRI checks help to determine whether the adenoma or hyperplasia. 3.7.5�����ۺ���(Cushing��s syndrome)�����ۺ����е�80%���Ѫѹ�� Typical body size in patients with this syndrome often prompted. Reliable measurement indicators are 24-hour urine hydrocortisone pine level, >110nmol/L (40ng) height hints of this disease. 3.6.6Drug-induced hypertension drug for hypertension: licorice, oral contraceptives, steroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cocaine, amphetamines, erythropoietin and the effects of cyclosporin a and so on. 3.7�Ŵ�ѧ����wbr>�Ŵ�ѧ�����ڸ�Ѫѹ���˵ij������������������в���ȷ�� Family history of hypertension patients often prompts role on the pathogenesis of essential hypertension has some genetic factors. Causes of high blood pressure is a Polygenic diseases. Genetic analysis to confirm or rule out rare monogenic inherited hypertension has a certain value (Liddle's syndrome, etc). 4. the definition and classification of blood pressure 4.1 systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, diastolic pressure as predictors of cardiovascular disease has been considered more important than systolic blood pressure of predictors of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. After the 90 's, many observational studies confirmed both systolic and diastolic blood pressure associated with stroke and coronary heart disease risk independently, and this relationship is continuous incremental. Systolic blood pressure is also an important predictor of cerebrovascular disease and coronary heart disease risk, study suggests older SPE more great harm. The elderly increased systolic blood pressure increases with age, while diastolic blood pressure decline slowly after the age of 60. Study suggests systolic blood pressure and coronary heart disease and stroke are relevant. Some information is also displayed pulse pressure increase in the elderly than systolic pressure and diastolic blood pressure is more important predictor of cardiovascular events, total baseline pulse pressure and death in the elderly, and cardiovascular death, stroke and coronary heart disease is a significant positive correlation. Relevant randomised trials or proof of antihypertensive treatment in patients with isolated systolic hypertension is useful. In view of already existing is supported by a series of large randomized controlled trial on isolated systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension be treated and, therefore, we remain focused on clinical practice using systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels to guide treatment. Noticed on blood pressure assessed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure effect of an overall assessment. Classification and risk assessment of hypertension (see table 3, table 5) aimed at use of systolic and diastolic blood pressure on blood pressure and total risk stratification. Ratings and risk stratification of high blood pressure now continues to be a simple and practical way. 4.2 classified according to blood pressure relationships between blood pressure and cardiovascular risk is continuous and, therefore, on any number of definitions and classifications are hypertension was arbitrary. High blood pressure must be flexible for any number of definitions, should be based on the treatment of drug efficacy and tolerability and vary depending on the level of risk. Blood pressure is normal, normal, high value and high blood pressure. JNC-7 blood pressure 120-139/80-89mmHg as Prehypertension, has the potential to cause alarm to the spirit of this part of the population, and the lack of evidence. 120-139/80-89mmHg as a normal value, is because of our epidemiological studies have shown that this crowd in 10 years cardiovascular risk compared with <110/75mmHg in subjects increased more than 1 time. Blood pressure 120-129/80-84mmHg and 130-139/85-89mmHg middle-aged 10 per cent of patients with hypertension and 45%. High normal blood pressure values the crowd should be promoted to improve lifestyle, to prevent the occurrence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This guide basically retained in 1999 Chinese hypertensive blood pressure classification Guide. Remove "critical" subgroup of high blood pressure (see table 3). High blood pressure is defined as: unused antihypertensive drug cases, systolic blood pressure �� 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure �� 90mmHg, hypertensive blood pressure levels are divided into level 1,2,3. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure �� 140mmHg <90mmHg as isolated systolic hypertension. In patients with previous history of high blood pressure, is currently with antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure less than 140/90mmHg, we should also diagnosed with high blood pressure. 4.3 risk stratification of hypertension: hypertension patient care decisions are not only based on blood pressure levels, also based on the following aspects: �� other risk factors; �� target-organ damage; �� coexisting medical situation ruxin, cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease and diabetes mellitus; �� patients ' individual circumstances and economic conditions, and so on. For the purposes of risk stratification, WHO/ISH Guide under "Framingham Heart study" the observation object 10 cardiovascular death, non-lethal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, information, calculate the merging of several risk factors present effect on the absolute risk of cardiovascular events in the future (see table 4 and table 5). table 3 blood pressure level of defines and classification category shrink pressure (mmHg) diastolic pressure (mmHg) normal blood pressure <120<80 normal high value 120~13980~89 hypertension: �� 140 �� 90 1 level hypertension (mild) 140~15990~99 2 level hypertension (in the degrees) 160~179100~109 3 level hypertension (heavy degrees) �� 180 �� 110 simple shrink period hypertension �� 140<90 if patients of shrink pressure and diastolic pressure min is different of level Shi, is to high of ratings for quasi. Isolated systolic hypertension can also be in accordance with the level of systolic blood pressure is at level 1, 2, 3. 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